A Two-Zone Combustion Model for Knocking Prediction of Marine Natural Gas SI Engines

The further thermal efficiency improvement of marine natural gas engine is constrained by a knocking phenomenon that commonly occurs in gas-fueled spark-ignited engines. It plays an important role to investigate how the knocking occurs and how to predict it based on the engine simulation model. In this paper, a two-zone model is developed to provide the prediction of knocking performance and NO emission, which is verified by engine test bed data from a transformed marine natural gas spark ignition (SI) engine. Cylindrical division theory is used to describe the shape of the two zones to decrease the computational cost, as well as a basic mechanism for NO concentration calculation. In order to solve the volume balance, three boundary parameters are introduced to determine the initial condition and mass flow between the two zones. Furthermore, boundary parameters’ variation and knocking factor (compression ratio and advanced ignition angle) will be discussed under different working conditions. Result shows that the two-zone model has sufficient accuracy in predicting engine performance, NO emission and knocking performance. Both the increasing compression ratio and advanced ignition angle have a promoting effect on knocking probability, knocking timing and knocking intensity. The knocking phenomenon can be avoided in the targeted natural gas SI engine by constraining the compression ratio smaller than 14 and advanced ignition angle later than 30° before top dead center (BTDC).

[1]  U. Maas,et al.  Analysis of endgas temperature fluctuations in an SI engine by laser-induced fluorescence , 2003 .

[2]  Saiful Bari,et al.  A comparison between EGR and lean-burn strategies employed in a natural gas SI engine using a two-zone combustion model , 2009 .

[3]  Douwe Stapersma,et al.  Mean value modelling of diesel engine combustion based on parameterized finite stage cylinder process , 2017 .

[4]  Rakesh Kumar Maurya,et al.  Parametric investigation on combustion and emissions characteristics of a dual fuel (natural gas port injection and diesel pilot injection) engine using 0-D SRM and 3D CFD approach , 2017 .

[5]  Scott B. Fiveland,et al.  Development of a Two-Zone HCCI Combustion Model Accounting for Boundary Layer Effects , 2001 .

[6]  Yasin Ust,et al.  Theoretical and experimental investigation of the Miller cycle diesel engine in terms of performance and emission parameters , 2015 .

[7]  J. Gao,et al.  Approximation of flammability region for natural gas-air-diluent mixture. , 2005, Journal of hazardous materials.

[8]  S. R. Bell,et al.  An Investigation of Lean Combustion in a Natural Gas-Fueled Spark-Ignited Engine , 1996 .

[9]  Gerasimos Theotokatos,et al.  Development of a combined mean value-zero dimensional model and application for a large marine four-stroke diesel engine simulation , 2015 .

[10]  Zongxuan Sun,et al.  A Control-Oriented Charge Mixing and Two-Zone HCCI Combustion Model , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[11]  Martin Rauscher,et al.  Two-Zone Model for Calculation of Nitrogen-Oxide Formation in Direct-Injection Diesel Engines , 1993 .

[12]  Douwe Stapersma,et al.  Using Parametrized Finite Combustion Stage Models to Characterize Combustion in Diesel Engines , 2012 .

[13]  Akhil Bansal,et al.  Performance and emissions of natural gas fueled internal combustion engine: A review , 2005 .

[14]  Christopher H. Onder,et al.  Diesel-Minimal Combustion Control of a Natural Gas-Diesel Engine , 2016 .

[15]  Richard Stone,et al.  Introduction to Internal Combustion Engines , 1985, Internal Combustion Engines.

[16]  Andrés Melgar,et al.  Characterization of the combustion process and cycle-to-cycle variations in a spark ignition engine fuelled with natural gas/hydrogen mixtures , 2016 .

[17]  Barkawi Sahari,et al.  New Design of a CNG-H2-AIR Mixer for Internal Combustion Engines: An Experimental and Numerical Study , 2017 .

[18]  S. L. Phoenix,et al.  Natural Gas Hydrate as a Storage Mechanism for Safe, Sustainable and Economical Production from Offshore Petroleum Reserves , 2017 .

[19]  Atilla Bilgin,et al.  Quasi-dimensional modeling of a fast-burn combustion dual-plug spark-ignition engine with complex combustion chamber geometries , 2015 .

[20]  Tao Xu,et al.  The engine knock analysis – An overview , 2012 .

[21]  Yasin Ust,et al.  Comparison of steam injected diesel engine and Miller cycled diesel engine by using two zone combustion model , 2015 .

[22]  Enrico Corti,et al.  Statistical Analysis of Indicating Parameters for Knock Detection Purposes , 2009 .

[23]  S. Galindo Lopez,et al.  Three-Zone in-cylinder process model for DI diesel engines , 2014 .

[24]  Hakan Serhad Soyhan,et al.  Evaluation of zero dimensional codes in simulating IC engines using primary reference fuel , 2015 .

[25]  Ulrich Spicher,et al.  Application of Different Cylinder Pressure Based Knock Detection Methods in Spark Ignition Engines , 2002 .

[26]  Morgan Heikal,et al.  Characteristics of Early Flame Development in a Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition CNG Engine Fitted with a Variable Swirl Control Valve , 2017 .

[27]  Roopesh Kumar Mehra,et al.  Study of Quasi‐Dimensional Combustion Model of Hydrogen‐ Enriched Compressed Natural Gas (HCNG) Engines , 2016 .

[28]  Dimitrios C. Kyritsis,et al.  Development and validation of a comprehensive two‐zone model for combustion and emissions formation in a DI diesel engine , 2003 .

[29]  Hideo Shoji,et al.  A Study of Autoignition Behavior and Knock Intensity in a SI Engine under Different Engine Speed by Using In-Cylinder Visualization , 2017 .

[30]  Bang-quan He,et al.  Spark ignition natural gas engines—A review , 2007 .