Augmented Real-Valued Time-Delay Neural Network for Compensation of Distortions and Impairments in Wireless Transmitters

A digital predistorter, modeled by an augmented real-valued time-delay neural network (ARVTDNN), has been proposed and found suitable to mitigate the nonlinear distortions of the power amplifier (PA) along with modulator imperfections for a wideband direct-conversion transmitter. The input signal of the proposed ARVTDNN consists of Cartesian in-phase and quadrature phase ( $I/Q$ ) components, as well as envelope-dependent terms. Theoretical analysis shows that the proposed model is able to produce a richer basis function containing both the desired odd- and even-order terms, resulting in improved modeling capability and distortion mitigation. Its actual performance has been validated through extensive simulations and experiments. The results show that the compensation and hardware impairment mitigation capabilities of the ARVTDNN are superior to the existing state-of-the-art real-valued focused time-delay neural network (RVFTDNN) by 3–4 dB for the adjacent channel power ratio and by 2–3 dB in terms of the normalized mean square error. Other important features of the proposed model are its reduced complexity, in terms of the number of parameters and floating-point operations, and its improved numerical stability compared to the RVFTDNN model.