Evolution and Classification of Energy and Thermal Management Systems in Electrified Powertrains

The energy management system (EMS) and the thermal management system (TMS) of an electrified powertrain are often treated independently in earlier works. Recently, integrated energy and thermal management systems (IETMSs) started to appear, which have shown that energy saving can be obtained, by integrating these two systems. This paper therefore aims to extensively review EMSs, TMSs and in particular, the state-of-the-art IETMSs, and to identify opportunities for future research. It is found that a combined design and control optimization approach considering both energy and thermal aspects is recommended to achieve optimal performance.

[1]  Joao P. Trovao,et al.  Control scheme for hybridised electric vehicles with an online power follower management strategy , 2015 .

[2]  Roberto Cipollone,et al.  Vehicle Thermal Management: A Model-Based Approach , 2004 .

[3]  Theo Hofman,et al.  Optimal Control of an Integrated Energy and Thermal Management System for Electrified Powertrains , 2019, 2019 American Control Conference (ACC).

[4]  L. Guzzella,et al.  Control of hybrid electric vehicles , 2007, IEEE Control Systems.

[5]  Siep Weiland,et al.  A Distributed Optimization Approach for Complete Vehicle Energy Management , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology.

[6]  Zoran Filipi,et al.  Application of Controllable Electric Coolant Pump for Fuel Economy and Cooling Performance Improvement , 2004 .

[7]  Huei Peng,et al.  Power management strategy for a parallel hybrid electric truck , 2003, IEEE Trans. Control. Syst. Technol..

[8]  Matthieu Chanfreau,et al.  Automatic Control of Electronic Actuators for an Optimized Engine Cooling Thermal Management , 2001 .

[9]  Anders Grauers,et al.  Optimal Sizing of a Parallel PHEV Powertrain , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[10]  Zoran Filipi,et al.  Optimization of the Series-HEV Control with Consideration of the Impact of Battery Cooling Auxiliary Losses , 2014 .

[11]  Huei Peng,et al.  Optimal Control of Hybrid Electric Vehicles Based on Pontryagin's Minimum Principle , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology.

[12]  Simona Onori,et al.  Adaptive Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy for Hybrid Electric Vehicles , 2010 .

[13]  Sungjin Park,et al.  A Comprehensive Thermal Management System Model for Hybrid Electric Vehicles. , 2011 .

[14]  Francis van der Sluis,et al.  CVT, Promising Solutions for Electrification , 2019 .

[15]  Maarten Steinbuch,et al.  Review of Optimization Strategies for System-Level Design in Hybrid Electric Vehicles , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[16]  D.M. Dawson,et al.  A Smart Multiple-Loop Automotive Cooling System—Model, Control, and Experimental Study , 2010, IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics.

[17]  P. P. J. van den Bosch,et al.  On-line energy and Battery Thermal Management for hybrid electric heavy-duty truck , 2013, 2013 American Control Conference.

[18]  Johan Wideberg,et al.  Fully optimized energy management for propulsion, thermal cooling and auxiliaries of a serial hybrid electric vehicle , 2015 .

[19]  Rajit Johri,et al.  Optimal energy management of a series hybrid vehicle with combined fuel economy and low-emission objectives , 2014 .

[20]  Kang G. Shin,et al.  Real-time battery thermal management for electric vehicles , 2014, 2014 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems (ICCPS).

[21]  Xinran Tao,et al.  Design, Modeling and Control of a Thermal Management System for Hybrid Electric Vehicles , 2016 .

[22]  Nasser L. Azad,et al.  An Optimal Energy Management System for Battery Electric Vehicles , 2015 .

[23]  M Maarten Steinbuch,et al.  Rule-based energy management strategies for hybrid vehicles , 2007 .

[24]  Lars Eriksson,et al.  Design and Evaluation of Energy Management using Map-Based ECMS for the PHEV Benchmark , 2015 .

[25]  Simona Onori,et al.  ECMS as a realization of Pontryagin's minimum principle for HEV control , 2009, 2009 American Control Conference.

[26]  Ali Emadi,et al.  Modern electric, hybrid electric, and fuel cell vehicles : fundamentals, theory, and design , 2009 .

[27]  Xueyu Zhang.  Supervisory Control Optimization for a Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle with Consideration of Battery Thermal Management and Aging , 2016 .

[28]  HT Thinh Pham,et al.  Integrated energy and battery life management for hybrid vehicles , 2015 .

[29]  Giorgio Rizzoni,et al.  A-ECMS: An Adaptive Algorithm for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Energy Management , 2005, Proceedings of the 44th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control.

[30]  T. Hofman,et al.  Integrated Energy and Thermal Management for Electrified Powertrains , 2019, Energies.

[31]  Yi-Hsuan Hung,et al.  Development of a Thermal Management System for Energy Sources of an Electric Vehicle , 2016, IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics.

[32]  M. Salman,et al.  A rule-based energy management strategy for a series hybrid vehicle , 1997, Proceedings of the 1997 American Control Conference (Cat. No.97CH36041).

[33]  Carlos Ocampo-Martinez,et al.  Thermal Management in Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles: A Real-Time Nonlinear Model Predictive Control Implementation , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[34]  Keith Wipke,et al.  HEV Control Strategy for Real-Time Optimization of Fuel Economy and Emissions , 2000 .