An agent for the prospect presentation problem

Evaluating complex propositions that are composed of several lotteries is a difficult task for humans. Presentation styles can affect the acceptance rate of such proposals. We introduce an agent that chooses between two presentation methods, while aspiring to maximize proposal acceptance. Our agent uses decision theory in order to model human behavior and uses the model to select the presentation which maximizes its expected outcome. We examine several decision theories, and use machine learning to adapt them to our domain. We perform an extensive evaluation of our agent in comparison to other baseline agents and show that presentation can indeed affect the acceptance rate of propositions and that the agent we propose succeeds in selecting beneficial presentations.

[1]  Amos Azaria,et al.  Strategic advice provision in repeated human-agent interactions , 2012, Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems.

[2]  A. Tversky,et al.  Advances in prospect theory: Cumulative representation of uncertainty , 1992 .

[3]  Avshalom Elmalech,et al.  Search More, Disclose Less , 2013, AAAI.

[4]  R. Hertwig,et al.  The priority heuristic: making choices without trade-offs. , 2006, Psychological review.

[5]  Amos Azaria,et al.  Automated agents for reward determination for human work in crowdsourcing applications , 2014, Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems.

[6]  G. Harrison,et al.  Expected utility theory and prospect theory: one wedding and a decent funeral , 2009 .

[7]  Lex Borghans,et al.  Gender Differences in Risk Aversion and Ambiguity Aversion , 2009, SSRN Electronic Journal.

[8]  Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, July 14-18, 2013, Bellevue, Washington, USA , 2013, AAAI.

[9]  A. Tversky,et al.  Prospect theory: an analysis of decision under risk — Source link , 2007 .

[10]  D. Kahneman Thinking, Fast and Slow , 2011 .

[11]  Amos Azaria,et al.  Giving Advice to People in Path Selection Problems , 2012, Interactive Decision Theory and Game Theory.

[12]  Lola L. Lopes,et al.  The Role of Aspiration Level in Risky Choice: A Comparison of Cumulative Prospect Theory and SP/A Theory. , 1999, Journal of mathematical psychology.

[13]  A. Tversky,et al.  The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice. , 1981, Science.

[14]  Avshalom Elmalech,et al.  Less is more: restructuring decisions to improve agent search , 2011, AAMAS.

[15]  J. Rieskamp The probabilistic nature of preferential choice. , 2008, Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition.

[16]  M. Birnbaum,et al.  Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes Tests of Theories of Decision Making: Violations of Branch Independence and Distribution Independence Generic Rank-dependent Utility Generic Analysis of Violations of Branch Independence and Distribution Independence Birnbaum and Mcintosh Model: N , 2022 .

[17]  S. Rosenberg,et al.  The Image and the Vote: The Effect of Candidate Presentation on Jfbter Preference , 1986 .

[18]  Amos Azaria,et al.  Strategic Information Disclosure to People with Multiple Alternatives , 2011, AAAI.

[19]  Amos Azaria,et al.  A system for advice provision in multiple prospectselection problems , 2013, RecSys.

[20]  David Laibson,et al.  Commentary on “Choice Bracketing” by Read, Loewenstein and Rabin , 1999 .

[21]  Stuart M. Shieber,et al.  Agent decision-making in open mixed networks , 2010, Artif. Intell..

[22]  David W Harless,et al.  The predictive utility of generalized expected utility theories , 1994 .

[23]  Daniel Read,et al.  Choice Bracketing , 1999 .

[24]  B. J. Fogg,et al.  Persuasive technology: using computers to change what we think and do , 2002, UBIQ.

[25]  Panagiotis G. Ipeirotis,et al.  Running Experiments on Amazon Mechanical Turk , 2010, Judgment and Decision Making.

[26]  Amos Azaria,et al.  Analyzing the Effectiveness of Adversary Modeling in Security Games , 2013, AAAI.

[27]  L. J. Savage,et al.  The Expected-Utility Hypothesis and the Measurability of Utility , 1952, Journal of Political Economy.

[28]  Sarit Kraus,et al.  Guiding User Choice During Discussion by Silence, Examples and Justifications , 2012, ECAI.

[29]  P. Dayan,et al.  Cortical substrates for exploratory decisions in humans , 2006, Nature.