The potential for hyperparasitism to compromise biological control: Why don’t hyperparasitoids drive their primary parasitoid hosts extinct?

[1]  P. Starý.  Taxonomy, origin, distribution and host range of Aphidius species (Hym., Aphidiidae) in relation to biological control of the pea aphid in Europe and North America , 2009 .

[2]  Lia Hemerik,et al.  Reduced foraging efficiency of a parasitoid under habitat complexity: implications for population stability and species coexistence , 2005 .

[3]  A. Ives,et al.  ESTIMATING FLUCTUATING VITAL RATES FROM TIME-SERIES DATA: A CASE STUDY OF APHID BIOCONTROL , 2005 .

[4]  A. Ives,et al.  COMPETITION BETWEEN NATIVE AND INTRODUCED PARASITOIDS OF APHIDS: NONTARGET EFFECTS AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL , 2002 .

[5]  A. Ives,et al.  BIOLOGICAL CONTROL IN DISTURBED AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS AND THE RAPID RECOVERY OF PARASITOID POPULATIONS , 2001 .

[6]  D. Waterhouse,et al.  Classical Biological Control of Arthropods in Australia , 2001 .

[7]  Lia Hemerik,et al.  Plant-mediated indirect effects and the persistence of parasitoid–herbivore communities , 2001 .

[8]  A. Ives,et al.  Variability and Parasitoid Foraging Efficiency: A Case Study of Pea Aphids and Aphidius ervi , 1999, The American Naturalist.

[9]  H. Godfray,et al.  Indirect interactions in aphid–parasitoid communities , 1999, Researches on Population Ecology.

[10]  D. Waterhouse.  Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects , 1998 .

[11]  A. Ives,et al.  Hyperparasitoid aggregation in response to variation in Aphidius ervi host density at three spatial scales , 1996 .

[12]  R. Sequeira,et al.  Variation in selected life‐history parameters of the parasitoid wasp, Aphidius ervi: influence of host developmental stage , 1994 .

[13]  W. Völkl,et al.  Regulation of aphid populations by aphidiid wasps: does parasitoid foraging behaviour or hyperparasitism limit impact? , 1993, Oecologia.

[14]  L. Kok,et al.  Hyperparasites attacking Cotesia glomerata (L.) and Cotesia rubecula (Marshall) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Southwestern Virginia , 1991 .

[15]  D. Pimentel,et al.  Critical Issues in Biological Control , 1990 .

[16]  R. Sequeira,et al.  Effects of parasitism by Praon pequodorum on age‐specific fecundity and population growth of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum , 1988 .

[17]  D. Hogg,et al.  SPECIES COMPOSITION OF PEA APHID (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) PRIMARY AND SECONDARY PARASITOIDS IN WISCONSIN , 1987, The Canadian Entomologist.

[18]  A. K. Minks,et al.  Aphids: Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control , 1987 .

[19]  D. Hogg,et al.  Time-specific life tables for the pea aphid,Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), on alfalfa , 1985, Researches on Population Ecology.

[20]  D. Hogg,et al.  Demographic Statistics for the Pea Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Wisconsin and a Comparison with Other Populations , 1984 .

[21]  M. Hassell,et al.  Parasitoids as biological control agents – a fundamental approach , 1982, Parasitology.

[22]  Robert M. May,et al.  The Dynamics of Multiparasitoid-Host Interactions , 1981, The American Naturalist.

[23]  R. Dickson,et al.  Geographical distribution ofAphidiidae [Hym.] imported to California for biological control ofAcyrthosiphon kondoi andAcyrthosiphon pisum [Hom.: Aphididae] , 1978, Entomophaga.

[24]  J. Beddington,et al.  On the dynamics of host-parasite-hyperparasite interactions. , 1977 .

[25]  C. Barlow,et al.  EFFECTS OF SOME CONSTANT AND ALTERNATING TEMPERATURES ON POPULATION GROWTH OF THE PEA APHID, ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) , 1973, The Canadian Entomologist.

[26]  M. Mackauer,et al.  THE HYMENOPTEROUS PARASITES (HYMENOPTERA: APHIDIIDAE ET APHELINIDAE) OF THE PEA APHID IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICA , 1967, The Canadian Entomologist.

[27]  P. Debach.  Biological control of insect pests and weeds , 1965 .

[28]  F. H. Haramoto,et al.  Biological Control of Pamakani, Eupatorium Adenophorum, in Hawaii by a Tephritid Gall Fly, Procecidochares Utilis. 2. Population Studies of the Weed, the Fly, and the Parasites of the Fly , 1959 .

[29]  C. Huffaker.  Experimental studies on predation : dispersion factors and predator-prey oscillations , 1958 .

[30]  H. Spencer.  Biology of the Parasites and Hyperparasites of Aphids , 1926 .

[31]  D. Sullivan,et al.  Hyperparasitism: multitrophic ecology and behavior. , 1999, Annual review of entomology.

[32]  G. Gibson,et al.  The species of Asaphes Walker from America north of Mexico, with remarks on extralimital distributions and taxa (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Pteromalidae) , 1998 .

[33]  P. Stiling.  Why do natural enemies fail in classical biological control programs , 1993 .

[34]  R. L. Blackman,et al.  Aphids on the World's Crops: An Identification and Information Guide , 1984 .

[35]  M. F. Schuster,et al.  16 – BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PESTS OF RANGE, FORAGE, AND GRAIN CROPS , 1976 .

[36]  C. B. Huffaker,et al.  Theory and practice of biological control , 1976 .