Bifurcations in a semiconductor laser subject to delayed incoherent feedback

We examine experimentally and numerically the bifurcation sequence and route into chaos of a semiconductor laser subject to delayed incoherent feedback. We show that the sequence of bifurcations follows a three frequency scenario in which the steady-state of the laser destabilizes by a Hopf bifurcation at the relaxation frequency of the laser. Specifically, we show experimentally and numerically that the Hopf bifurcation can be supercritical or subcritical depending on the length of the delay and the pumping of the laser above threshold. This is followed by a torus bifurcation at the external cavity frequency and further by a tertiary bifurcation at a significantly lower frequency.

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