Design optimization of microstrip antenna arrays using surrogate-based methodology

Surrogate-based optimization (SBO) is applied to design of planar antenna arrays. Design goals include radiation pattern optimization and matching at the element terminals. Our approach uses two low-fidelity models: an array model based on the single element radiation response combined with the analytical array factor, and a discrete coarse-mesh electromagnetic (EM) model of the entire array. Both models, after suitable correction, guide the optimization process towards the high-fidelity EM model optimum. Operation of the approach is illustrated with design optimization of a 7 by 7 microstrip antenna array. Despite of a large number of design variables, the computational cost of optimized designs is equivalent to a few high-fidelity simulations of the array.