Microbial Speleology: Opportunities and Challenges

In caves, microorganisms (algae, bacteria, archaea, fungi, protoza, and viruses) are major producers and consumers of organic matter and contribute to the formation of several types of minerals. However, with the notable exception of sulfide-based ecosystems, little is known about community composition, their specific adaptations to the subterranean ecosystem, their biogeographical distri bution or their ecology. Interdisciplinary studies, using recently developed techniques, are now providing the tools with which to make great strides in elucidating aspects of subterranean microbial ecology that go beyond the traditional “who’s home” studies. As we come to realize the value of microorganisms in cave ecosystems, we are also realizing the impact that humans can have on these microbial communities. Advances in our understanding of the functioning of microorganisms in caves and of the means to protect and preserve them are critical to the health and beauty of caves and their ecosystems.

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