Batteries usability for Electric Vehicle powertrain

The increased concern with environment and energetic efficiency encourages and stimulates an urgent search for novel transportation means such as Electric Vehicles (EVs). Indeed, the rising oil value together with pollution related issues and the global warm forecast, mostly due to the excess use of internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, has motivated the growth of research on EVs. The main limitation of these is the performance of their energy storage systems (ESS), including the determination of their State-of-Charge (SoC) and State-of-Health (SoH). In this paper, the state-of-the-art and an analysis of the different ESS's commercially available for automotive applications such as different batteries technology, flywheels, supercapacitors, photovoltaic panels and fuel cells, are presented. The implementation and test of a real-time simple and low computational effort monitoring system based on Impedance Track (IT) technology for voltage, current, temperature, SoC and SoH determination for lithium-ion battery pack is also presented in this paper.