OBJECTIVE To study on morphological and histological identification characteristics of Pulsatillae Radix, Rhapontici Radix and Radix Anemones. METHODS Used macroscopical identification and microscopic identification, to study in detail with morphological characteristics and powder of Pulsatillae Radix, Rhapontici Radix and Radix Anemones. RESULTS Similarities: root head had white villi, cross-sectional catheters arranged radially, all three had marginal perforated catheters and non-glandular hairs. Differences: Pulsatilla Radix’s phloem and xylem were mostly separated, the non-glandular hair was single cell, the cell cavity was narrow and fine, and the cell surface had many cracks, some showed spiral texture. The central part of xylem cross-section of Rhapontici Radix was hollow and decayed, and the non-glandular hairs were composed of 35 cells. The xylem of the cross section of the Radix Anemone was fan-shaped and the non-glandular hairs were single cells, and its base had a turn, with branching furrows, like stone cells. CONCLUSION Based on macroscopical identification and microscopic identification, can be identified Pulsatilla Radix, Rhapontici radix and Radix Anemones, this research’s result can be used as a reference for the correct identification of Pulsatilla Radix, Rhapontici Radix and Radix Anemones.