The positive rates of hepatitis B surface antibody in youth after booster vaccination: a 4-year follow-up study with large sample

Abstract Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still a public issue in the world. Hepatitis B vaccination is widely used as an effective measure to prevent HBV infection. This large-sample study aimed to evaluate the positive rates of hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) in youth after booster vaccination. Methods: A total of 37788 participants were divided into two groups according to the baseline levels of anti-HBs before booster vaccination: the negative group (anti-HBs(−)) and the positive group (anti-HBs(+)). Participants were tested for anti-HBs levels after receiving a booster vaccine at 1 and 4 years. Results: The positive rates of anti-HBs were 34.50%, 73.80% and 67.32% before booster vaccination at 1 and 4 years after vaccination, respectively. At 4 years after the booster vaccination, the positive rates of 13–18 years were 47.54%, which was the lowest level among all youth age groups. In the anti-HBs(−) group, the positive conversion rates of anti-HBs were 74.62% at 1 year after receiving a booster vaccine, and 67.66% at 4 years after vaccination. In the anti-HBs(+) group, the positive maintenance rates of anti-HBs were 70.16% after 1 year, and 66.66% after 4 years. Compared with the baseline anti-HBs (+) group, the positive rates of the baseline anti-HBs(−) group were higher at 1 and 4 years after receiving the booster vaccine. Conclusion: The positive rates of anti-HBs declined over time, especially the positive maintenance rates were the lowest at age of 13–18 years.

[1]  Euripide Avokpaho,et al.  Assessment of the anti-HBs antibody response in Beninese infants following 4 doses of HBV vaccine, including administration at birth, compared to the standard 3 doses regime; a cross-sectional survey. , 2019, Vaccine.

[2]  G. Adjei,et al.  Post Hepatitis B vaccination sero-conversion among health care workers in the Cape Coast Metropolis of Ghana , 2019, PloS one.

[3]  Feng Wang,et al.  Immune persistence 17 to 20 years after primary vaccination with recombination hepatitis B vaccine (CHO) and the effect of booster dose vaccination , 2019, BMC Infectious Diseases.

[4]  S. Rutherford,et al.  Epidemiological serosurvey of hepatitis B virus among children aged 1-14 years in Guangdong Province, China. , 2018, International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases.

[5]  T. Ottenhoff,et al.  Impaired Immune Response to Primary but Not to Booster Vaccination Against Hepatitis B in Older Adults , 2018, Front. Immunol..

[6]  Bette C Liu,et al.  Long-term impact of infant immunization on hepatitis B prevalence: a systematic review and meta-analysis , 2018, Bulletin of the World Health Organization.

[7]  Shigui Yang,et al.  The effects of booster vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine on children 5–15 years after primary immunization: A 5-year follow-up study , 2018, Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics.

[8]  Y. Karino,et al.  Analysis of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using high‐sensitivity HBsAg assays in hepatitis B virus carriers in whom HBsAg seroclearance was confirmed by conventional assays , 2017, Hepatology research : the official journal of the Japan Society of Hepatology.

[9]  I. Lim,et al.  Changes in hepatitis B virus antibody titers over time among children: a single center study from 2012 to 2015 in an urban of South Korea , 2017, BMC Pediatrics.

[10]  Xiaofeng Liang,et al.  Prevention of Chronic Hepatitis B after 3 Decades of Escalating Vaccination Policy, China , 2017, Emerging infectious diseases.

[11]  W. Lu,et al.  Long-term persistence in protection and response to a hepatitis B vaccine booster among adolescents immunized in infancy in the western region of China , 2017, Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics.

[12]  A. Zanetti,et al.  Persistence of immunity 18–19 years after vaccination against hepatitis B in 2 cohorts of vaccinees primed as infants or as adolescents in Italy , 2017, Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics.

[13]  Shigui Yang,et al.  Effects of hepatitis B vaccine boosters on anti-HBs-negative children after primary immunization , 2017, Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics.

[14]  C. Dong,et al.  Influences of obesity on the immunogenicity of Hepatitis B vaccine , 2017, Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics.

[15]  O. Van Der Meeren,et al.  Immunity to hepatitis B persists in adolescents 15-16 years of age vaccinated in infancy with three doses of hepatitis B vaccine. , 2016, Vaccine.

[16]  Q. Wang,et al.  The Lumipulse G HBsAg-Quant assay for screening and quantification of the hepatitis B surface antigen. , 2016, Journal of virological methods.

[17]  R. Janssen,et al.  Immunogenicity of an investigational hepatitis B vaccine with a toll-like receptor 9 agonist adjuvant (HBsAg-1018) compared with a licensed hepatitis B vaccine in subpopulations of healthy adults 18-70 years of age. , 2015, Vaccine.

[18]  Zheng Zhang,et al.  The global burden of liver disease: The major impact of China , 2014, Hepatology.

[19]  F. Shokri,et al.  The persistence of anti-HBs antibody and anamnestic response 20 years after primary vaccination with recombinant hepatitis B vaccine at infancy , 2014, Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics.

[20]  Y. Hsueh,et al.  Efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine boosters among neonatally vaccinated university freshmen in Taiwan. , 2013, Journal of hepatology.

[21]  I. Hung,et al.  Evidence of serologic activity in chronic hepatitis B after surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance documented by conventional HBsAg assay , 2012, Hepatology International.

[22]  Zong-tang Sun,et al.  Presence of immune memory and immunity to hepatitis B virus in adults after neonatal hepatitis B vaccination. , 2011, Vaccine.

[23]  Xiong He,et al.  Surface antibody and cytokine response to recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO) hepatitis B vaccine. , 2011, Vaccine.

[24]  P. van Damme,et al.  Hepatitis B and the need for a booster dose. , 2011, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[25]  H. Rajkumar,et al.  Altered or impaired immune response upon vaccination in WNIN/Ob rats. , 2011, Vaccine.

[26]  Sheng-Nan Lu,et al.  Long-term efficacy of plasma-derived and recombinant hepatitis B vaccines in a rural township of Central Taiwan. , 2009, Vaccine.

[27]  Chung-Yi Li,et al.  Hepatitis B seroprevalence and anamnestic response amongst Taiwanese young adults with full vaccination in infancy, 20 years subsequent to national hepatitis B vaccination. , 2007, Vaccine.

[28]  H. Whittle,et al.  Long-term protection against carriage of hepatitis B virus after infant vaccination. , 2006, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[29]  B. McMahon,et al.  Persistence of Antibody to Hepatitis B and Protection From Disease Among Alaska Natives Immunized at Birth , 2005, The Pediatric infectious disease journal.

[30]  B. McMahon,et al.  Long-term efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine, booster policy, and impact of hepatitis B virus mutants. , 2005, Vaccine.

[31]  F. Negro,et al.  Acute and Chronic Hepatitis: Working Group Report of the Second World Congress of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition , 2004, Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition.

[32]  I. Saito,et al.  Hepatitis B booster vaccination for healthcare workers , 2000, The Lancet.

[33]  H. Whittle,et al.  What level of hepatitis B antibody is protective? , 1999, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[34]  O. Launay,et al.  Alternative hepatitis B vaccine strategies in healthy non-responders to a first standard vaccination scheme. , 2019, The Lancet. Infectious diseases.

[35]  D. Shouval.  Hepatitis B vaccines. , 2003, Journal of hepatology.

[36]  G. Keating,et al.  Recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (Engerix-B): a review of its immunogenicity and protective efficacy against hepatitis B. , 2003, Drugs.