Unleashing Innovation beyond Organizational Boundaries: Exploring Citizensourcing Projects

ABSTRACT By using information and communications technologies, public administration encourages external actors to get involved in governmental activities once performed by civil servants. This article seeks to investigate the open innovation phenomenon beyond the entrepreneurial domain in the context of open government. For this purpose, a multiple case study was conducted to explore the current state of open government in Austria. The study first reveals the role of citizens as an active part of the system, then discusses the impact of citizensourcing projects, and finally concludes with giving implications for research and practice.

[1]  H. W. Dodds,et al.  Bureaucracy and Representative Government , 1937 .

[2]  Arend Lijphart,et al.  Comparative Politics and the Comparative Method , 1971, American Political Science Review.

[3]  Maximilian Weber,et al.  Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft : Grundriss der verstehenden Soziologie , 1976 .

[4]  R. Katz,et al.  Investigating the Not Invented Here (NIH) syndrome: A look at the performance, tenure, and communication patterns of 50 R & D Project Groups , 1982 .

[5]  Jane L. David.  Multiple Case Study Designs , 1983 .

[6]  Linda S. Lotto.  Qualitative Data Analysis: A Sourcebook of New Methods , 1986 .

[7]  M. Schäfers,et al.  Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft , 1988 .

[8]  K. Eisenhardt.  Building theories from case study research , 1989, STUDI ORGANIZZATIVI.

[9]  Daniel A. Levinthal,et al.  ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY: A NEW PERSPECTIVE ON LEARNING AND INNOVATION , 1990 .

[10]  C. Hood.  A PUBLIC MANAGEMENT FOR ALL SEASONS , 1991 .

[11]  Tânia Margarete Mezzomo Keinert,et al.  Reinventing government: how the entrepreneurial spirit is transforming the public sector , 1993 .

[12]  Matthew B. Miles,et al.  Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook , 1994 .

[13]  Grady E. Means,et al.  MetaCapitalism: The e-Business Revolution and the Design of 21st-Century Companies and Markets , 2000 .

[14]  Donald F. Norris,et al.  Is Your Local Government Plugged In? Highlights of the 2000 Electronic Government Survey , 2001 .

[15]  Robert D Carlitz,et al.  Online rulemaking: a step toward E-governance , 2002, Gov. Inf. Q..

[16]  James Surowiecki.  The wisdom of crowds: Why the many are smarter than the few and how collective wisdom shapes business, economies, societies, and nations Doubleday Books. , 2004 .

[17]  Ann Macintosh,et al.  E-participation and Governance: Widening the net , 2005 .

[18]  Edmund A. Mennis.  The Wisdom of Crowds: Why the Many Are Smarter than the Few and How Collective Wisdom Shapes Business, Economies, Societies, and Nations , 2006 .

[19]  A. Schneider,et al.  Competitive Institution Building: The PT and Participatory Budgeting in Rio Grande do Sul , 2006, Latin American Politics and Society.

[20]  Christopher B. Jones,et al.  Modelling Vague Places with Knowledge from the Web Modelling Vague Places with Knowledge from the Web , 2022 .

[21]  Zahir Irani,et al.  Research note: Toward a reference process model for citizen‐oriented evaluation of e‐Government services , 2008 .

[22]  Daren C. Brabham.  Crowdsourcing as a Model for Problem Solving , 2008 .

[23]  Rony Medaglia,et al.  A Tale of Six Countries: eParticipation Research from an Administration and Political Perspective , 2009, ePart.

[24]  Min Jiang,et al.  Exploring Online Structures on Chinese Government Portals Citizen Political Participation and Government Legitimation , 2009 .

[25]  Daren C. Brabham.  Crowdsourcing the Public Participation Process for Planning Projects , 2009 .

[26]  Min Jiang,et al.  Exploring Online Structures on Chinese Government Portals , 2009 .

[27]  B. Noveck.  Wiki Government: How Technology Can Make Government Better, Democracy Stronger, and Citizens More Powerful , 2009 .

[28]  Martin Schreier,et al.  The Value of Crowdsourcing: Can Users Really Compete with Professionals in Generating New Product Ideas? , 2009 .

[29]  O. Gassmann,et al.  Open R&D and Open Innovation: Exploring the Phenomenon , 2009 .

[30]  H. Krcmar,et al.  Community Engineering for Innovations: The Ideas Competition as a Method to Nurture a Virtual Community for Innovations , 2009 .

[31]  Christian Heipke,et al.  Crowdsourcing geospatial data , 2010 .

[32]  Christoph Ihl,et al.  Citizensourcing: Applying the Concept of Open Innovation to the Public Sector , 2010 .

[33]  Jonathan D. Breul,et al.  Practitioner's Perspective—Improving Sourcing Decisions , 2010 .

[34]  Soon Ae Chun,et al.  Government 2.0: Making connections between citizens, data and government , 2010, Inf. Polity.

[35]  Ted S. Sindlinger,et al.  Crowdsourcing: Why the Power of the Crowd is Driving the Future of Business , 2010 .

[36]  Paul T. Jaeger,et al.  Using ICTs to create a culture of transparency: E-government and social media as openness and anti-corruption tools for societies , 2010, Gov. Inf. Q..

[37]  William H. Dutton,et al.  Networking Distributed Public Expertise: Strategies for Citizen Sourcing Advice to Government , 2011 .

[38]  Aniket Kittur,et al.  An Assessment of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation on Task Performance in Crowdsourcing Markets , 2011, ICWSM.

[39]  Katja Hutter,et al.  Why Citizens Engage in Open Government Platforms? , 2011, GI-Jahrestagung.

[40]  Joseph A. Hamm,et al.  Public Participation, Procedural Fairness, and Evaluations of Local Governance: The Moderating Role of Uncertainty , 2012 .

[41]  José Ramón Gil-García,et al.  Are government internet portals evolving towards more interaction, participation, and collaboration? Revisiting the rhetoric of e-government among municipalities , 2012, Gov. Inf. Q..

[42]  Yannis Charalabidis,et al.  Benefits, Adoption Barriers and Myths of Open Data and Open Government , 2012, Inf. Syst. Manag..

[43]  Fernando González-Ladrón-de-Guevara,et al.  Towards an integrated crowdsourcing definition , 2012, J. Inf. Sci..

[44]  Taewoo Nam,et al.  Suggesting frameworks of citizen-sourcing via Government 2.0 , 2012, Gov. Inf. Q..

[45]  Dennis Linders,et al.  From e-government to we-government: Defining a typology for citizen coproduction in the age of social media , 2012, Gov. Inf. Q..

[46]  Michelle Anna Ruesch,et al.  From E to O - Towards Open Participation as a Guiding Principle of Open Government , 2012, EGOVIS/EDEM.

[47]  M. Hillebrandt,et al.  Open government: connecting vision and voice , 2012 .

[48]  H. Guo,et al.  Public Participation and Organizational Performance: Evidence from State Agencies , 2012 .

[49]  Dennis Hilgers,et al.  Open Government: Theoretische Bezüge und konzeptionelle Grundlagen einer neuen Entwicklung in Staat und öffentlichen Verwaltungen , 2012, Zeitschrift für Betriebswirtschaft.

[50]  Marijn Janssen,et al.  Lean government and platform-based governance - Doing more with less , 2013, Gov. Inf. Q..

[51]  Lars Hetmank,et al.  Components and Functions of Crowdsourcing Systems - A Systematic Literature Review , 2013, Wirtschaftsinformatik.

[52]  O. Gassmann,et al.  Crowdsourcing: leveraging innovation through online idea competitions , 2013, IEEE Engineering Management Review.

[53]  A. M. Evans,et al.  Open Government Initiatives: Challenges of Citizen Participation , 2013 .

[54]  E. Seltzer,et al.  Citizen Participation, Open Innovation, and Crowdsourcing , 2013 .

[55]  H. Sauermann,et al.  Crowd Science: The Organization of Scientific Research in Open Collaborative Projects , 2013 .

[56]  Michael I. Norton,et al.  Surfacing the Submerged State with Operational Transparency in Government Services , 2014 .

[57]  V. Karkaletsis,et al.  Passive crowdsourcing in government using social media , 2014 .

[58]  Brian Wampler,et al.  Improving Social Well-Being Through New Democratic Institutions , 2014 .

[59]  David Osimo,et al.  Collaborative approaches to public sector innovation: A scoping study , 2014 .

[60]  A. Majchrzak,et al.  Open Innovation Requires Integrated Competition-Community Ecosystems: Lessons Learned from Civic Open Innovation , 2014 .

[61]  Björn Niehaves,et al.  Citizen involvement in public sector innovation: Government and citizen perspectives , 2015, Inf. Polity.

[62]  Dennis Hilgers,et al.  On the Bumpy Road Towards Open Government: The Not-Invented-Here Syndrome as a Major Pothole , 2018 .

[63]  Johann Füller,et al.  Explaining voluntary citizen online participation using the concept of citizenship: an explanatory study on an open government platform , 2014, Journal of Business Economics.

[64]  Yannis Charalabidis,et al.  Active and Passive Crowdsourcing in Government , 2015 .

[65]  Sonia Royo,et al.  “Crowdsourcing” as a tool for e-participation: two experiences regarding CO2 emissions at municipal level , 2015, Electronic Commerce Research.

[66]  B. Wirtz,et al.  Open Government: Origin, Development, and Conceptual Perspectives , 2015 .

[67]  Ines Mergel,et al.  Open collaboration in the public sector: The case of social coding on GitHub , 2015, Gov. Inf. Q..

[68]  Ilkka Kauranen,et al.  Crowdsourcing: a comprehensive literature review , 2015 .

[69]  Ganesh Prasad Pandeya.  Does Citizen Participation in Local Government Decision-Making Contribute to Strengthening Local Planning and Accountability Systems? An Empirical Assessment of Stakeholders’ Perceptions in Nepal , 2015 .

[70]  Michael Vitale,et al.  The Wisdom of Crowds , 2015, Cell.

[71]  Christine Nadel,et al.  Case Study Research Design And Methods , 2016 .

[72]  J. Barnes.  Qualitative research from start to finish (2nd edn.) , 2017, Neuropsychological rehabilitation.