A 52-year-old male worker was transferred to our burn intensive care unit for an exacerbation of pulmonary dysfunction after accidental inhalation of toxic hydrogen sulfide, with 10 days of unsuccessful treatment of broadspectrum antibiotics and methylprednisolone. At admission, respiratory distress, hypoxemia, and high fever were noted. Contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography revealed two large, pleural-based, mass-like, uneven-density, and unshapededge consolidations (Fig. 1A, black arrows) in the inferior lobe of the right lung, along with multiple nodosity opacities with central necrosis (Fig. 1A, white arrow) in the lungs. His white cell count was 14,900/mm with 88.8% neutrophils, and serum HIV test was negative. Bronchofibroscopy revealed ulcerative lesions with white-colored pseudomembrane on them, spreading over the right bronchial tree. Galactomannan antigen (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) in two consecutive serum samples and three consecutive bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples were positive, and repeated cultures of bronchoalveolar aspiration fluid grew Aspergillus fumigatus, supporting a diagnosis of probable pulmonary aspergillosis. Clinical improvement was seen after substituting caspofungin acetate1 (50 mg/d, intravenously) and voriconazole2 (300 mg/time, twice a day, orally) for broad-spectrum antibiotics and methylprednisolone. Follow-up chest computed tomography scans at day 15 (Fig. 1B) and day 45 (Fig. 1C) of the antifungus treatment revealed significant decrease in pulmonary focuses.