A second-order closure model for flow through vegetation

By splitting the turbulent kinetic energy into two wavebands and adopting as the turbulence timescale the ratio k/ɛ of the kinetic energy in the low-frequency band to its turnover-rate, the second-order closure scheme of Launder et al. (1975) has been adapted for flow through vegetation. Predictions of the model compare satisfactorily with observations of the mean windspeed and (somewhat less satisfactorily) with the turbulent velocity variances in two very different canopies.

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