Bioaccumulation and effects of sediment-associated gold- and graphene oxide nanoparticles on Tubifex tubifex.

With the development of nanotechnology, gold (Au) and graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles have been widely used in various fields, resulting in an increased release of these particles into the environment. The released nanoparticles may eventually accumulate in sediment, causing possible ecotoxicological effects to benthic invertebrates. However, the impact of Au-NPs and GO-NPs on the cosmopolitan oligochaete, Tubifex tubifex, in sediment exposure is not known. Mortality, behavioral impact (GO-NP and Au-NP) and uptake (only Au-NP) of sediment-associated Au-NPs (4.9±0.14nm) and GO-NPs (116±0.05nm) to T. tubifex were assessed in a number of 5-day exposure experiments. The results showed that the applied Au-NP concentrations (10 and 60μg Au/g dry weight sediment) had no adverse effect on T. tubifex survival, while Au bioaccumulation increased with exposure concentration. In the case of GO-NPs, no mortality of T. tubifex was observed at a concentration range of 20 and 180μg GO/g dry weight sediment, whereas burrowing activity was significantly reduced at 20 and 180μg GO/g dry weight sediment. Our results suggest that Au-NPs at 60μg Au/g or GO-NPs at 20 and 180μg GO/g were detected by T. tubifex as toxicants during short-term exposures.

[1]  Christopher J. Kiely,et al.  Synthesis and reactions of functionalised gold nanoparticles , 1995 .

[2]  Claude Cohen,et al.  Engineered polymeric nanoparticles for soil remediation. , 2004, Environmental science & technology.

[3]  R. Ruoff,et al.  Chemical methods for the production of graphenes. , 2009, Nature nanotechnology.

[4]  E. Valsami-Jones,et al.  Behavioural and biochemical responses of two marine invertebrates Scrobicularia plana and Hediste diversicolor to copper oxide nanoparticles. , 2011, Chemosphere.

[5]  Chad A Mirkin,et al.  A thermodynamic investigation into the binding properties of DNA functionalized gold nanoparticle probes and molecular fluorophore probes. , 2005, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[6]  Erik C. Dreaden,et al.  The Golden Age: Gold Nanoparticles for Biomedicine , 2012 .

[7]  Mathias Brust,et al.  Synthesis of thiol-derivatised gold nanoparticles in a two-phase liquid-liquid system , 1994 .

[8]  Damjana Drobne,et al.  Effects of nano carbon black and single-layer graphene oxide on settlement, survival and swimming behaviour of Amphibalanus amphitrite larvae , 2013 .

[9]  Valery E. Forbes,et al.  Effects, Uptake, and Depuration Kinetics of Silver Oxide and Copper Oxide Nanoparticles in a Marine Deposit Feeder, Macoma balthica , 2013 .

[10]  J. Steevens,et al.  Assessing the fate and effects of nano aluminum oxide in the terrestrial earthworm, Eisenia fetida , 2010, Environmental toxicology and chemistry.

[11]  T. Wen,et al.  Synthesis of graphene-based nanomaterials and their application in energy-related and environmental-related areas , 2012 .

[12]  M. Amorim,et al.  Toxicity of copper nanoparticles and CuCl2 salt to Enchytraeus albidus worms: survival, reproduction and avoidance responses. , 2012, Environmental pollution.

[13]  F. Ahmed,et al.  Investigation of acute effects of graphene oxide on wastewater microbial community: a case study. , 2013, Journal of hazardous materials.

[14]  M. Leppänen,et al.  Adverse effects of fullerenes (nC60) spiked to sediments on Lumbriculus variegatus (Oligochaeta). , 2011, Environmental pollution.

[15]  V. Forbes,et al.  Bioaccumulation and effects of different‐shaped copper oxide nanoparticles in the deposit‐feeding snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum , 2014, Environmental toxicology and chemistry.

[16]  Roberto Car,et al.  Functionalized single graphene sheets derived from splitting graphite oxide. , 2006, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[17]  S. Feng,et al.  In vitro and in vivo evaluation of methoxy polyethylene glycol-polylactide (MPEG-PLA) nanoparticles for small-molecule drug chemotherapy. , 2007, Biomaterials.

[18]  Eladia María Peña-Méndez,et al.  GOLD AND NANO-GOLD IN MEDICINE: OVERVIEW, TOXICOLOGY AND PERSPECTIVES , 2009 .

[19]  E. Valsami-Jones,et al.  A mesocosm study of fate and effects of CuO nanoparticles on endobenthic species (Scrobicularia plana, Hediste diversicolor). , 2013, Environmental science & technology.

[20]  Mostafa A. El-Sayed,et al.  The golden age: gold nanoparticles for biomedicine. , 2012, Chemical Society reviews.

[21]  Raphaële Terrail,et al.  Ecotoxicity of uranium to Tubifex tubifex worms (Annelida, Clitellata, Tubificidae) exposed to contaminated sediment. , 2009, Ecotoxicology and environmental safety.

[22]  G. Amaratunga,et al.  A solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell based on a novel ionic liquid gel and ZnO nanoparticles on a flexible polymer substrate , 2008, Nanotechnology.

[23]  K. Yong,et al.  A Review on Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles for Biosensing Applications , 2011 .

[24]  Chen Liqiang,et al.  Toxicity of graphene oxide and multi-walled carbon nanotubes against human cells and zebrafish , 2012 .

[25]  J. Whalen,et al.  Reproductive and behavioral responses of earthworms exposed to nano‐sized titanium dioxide in soil , 2012, Environmental toxicology and chemistry.

[26]  Chengfang Pang,et al.  Effects of sediment-associated copper to the deposit-feeding snail, Potamopyrgus antipodarum: a comparison of Cu added in aqueous form or as nano- and micro-CuO particles. , 2012, Aquatic toxicology.

[27]  C. Mouneyrac,et al.  Biochemical, physiological and behavioural markers in the endobenthic bivalve Scrobicularia plana as tools for the assessment of estuarine sediment quality. , 2010, Ecotoxicology and environmental safety.

[28]  P. Gaudin,et al.  Biochemical and behavioural responses of the marine polychaete Hediste diversicolor to cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs): waterborne and dietary exposure. , 2014, Chemosphere.

[29]  Hua Sun,et al.  Toxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, and reduced graphene oxide to zebrafish embryos. , 2014, Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES.

[30]  P. Prasad,et al.  Zinc Oxide Nanocrystals for Non-resonant Nonlinear Optical Microscopy in Biology and Medicine. , 2008, The journal of physical chemistry. C, Nanomaterials and interfaces.

[31]  G. Vernet,et al.  Toxic effects and bioaccumulation of cadmium in the aquatic oligochaete Tubifex tubifex. , 2000, Ecotoxicology and environmental safety.

[32]  P. Gaudin,et al.  Biochemical and behavioural responses of the endobenthic bivalve Scrobicularia plana to silver nanoparticles in seawater and microalgal food. , 2013, Ecotoxicology and environmental safety.

[33]  V. Forbes,et al.  Toxic effects and bioaccumulation of nano-, micron- and ionic-Ag in the polychaete, Nereis diversicolor. , 2011, Aquatic toxicology.

[34]  Jason M Unrine,et al.  Evidence for biomagnification of gold nanoparticles within a terrestrial food chain. , 2011, Environmental science & technology.

[35]  V. Forbes,et al.  Toxicity and bioaccumulation of sediment-associated silver nanoparticles in the estuarine polychaete, Nereis (Hediste) diversicolor. , 2014, Aquatic toxicology.

[36]  Changwei Hu,et al.  Ecotoxicological effects of graphene oxide on the protozoan Euglena gracilis. , 2015, Chemosphere.

[37]  M. Maboeta,et al.  Single and mixture toxicity of gold nanoparticles and gold(III) to Enchytraeus buchholzi (Oligochaeta) , 2014 .

[38]  B. Bay,et al.  Gold nanoparticles in cancer therapy , 2011, Acta Pharmacologica Sinica.

[39]  O. Tsyusko,et al.  Evidence for bioavailability of Au nanoparticles from soil and biodistribution within earthworms (Eisenia fetida). , 2010, Environmental science & technology.

[40]  W. S. Hummers,et al.  Preparation of Graphitic Oxide , 1958 .

[41]  Timothy J Shaw,et al.  Transfer of gold nanoparticles from the water column to the estuarine food web. , 2009, Nature nanotechnology.

[42]  J. M. Baveco,et al.  Effects of C60 nanoparticle exposure on earthworms (Lumbricus rubellus) and implications for population dynamics. , 2011, Environmental pollution.

[43]  J. White,et al.  Graphene in the aquatic environment: adsorption, dispersion, toxicity and transformation. , 2014, Environmental science & technology.

[44]  J. Lead,et al.  Silver nanoparticles: behaviour and effects in the aquatic environment. , 2011, Environment international.

[45]  Nikolai G. Khlebtsov,et al.  Gold Nanoparticles in Biomedical Applications: Recent Advances and Perspectives , 2012 .

[46]  Zhijun Zhang,et al.  Functional graphene oxide as a nanocarrier for controlled loading and targeted delivery of mixed anticancer drugs. , 2010, Small.

[47]  Walter J. Weber,et al.  Ecological Uptake and Depuration of Carbon Nanotubes by Lumbriculus variegatus , 2008, Environmental health perspectives.

[48]  Catherine Mouneyrac,et al.  Size dependent bioaccumulation and ecotoxicity of gold nanoparticles in an endobenthic invertebrate: the Tellinid clam Scrobicularia plana. , 2012, Environmental pollution.

[49]  M. T. Ahmed,et al.  Effects of chitosan on oxidative stress and metallothioneins in aquatic worm Tubifex tubifex (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae). , 2007, Chemosphere.

[50]  M. Lens.  Use of fullerenes in cosmetics. , 2009, Recent patents on biotechnology.

[51]  Chengfang Pang,et al.  Bioaccumulation, toxicokinetics, and effects of copper from sediment spiked with aqueous Cu, nano‐CuO, or micro‐CuO in the deposit‐feeding snail, Potamopyrgus antipodarum , 2013, Environmental toxicology and chemistry.

[52]  A. Dybowska,et al.  Fate of isotopically labeled zinc oxide nanoparticles in sediment and effects on two endobenthic species, the clam Scrobicularia plana and the ragworm Hediste diversicolor. , 2012, Ecotoxicology and environmental safety.

[53]  Jason M. Unrine,et al.  Evidence for avoidance of Ag nanoparticles by earthworms (Eisenia fetida) , 2011, Ecotoxicology.

[54]  Yuehe Lin,et al.  Graphene and graphene oxide: biofunctionalization and applications in biotechnology , 2011, Trends in Biotechnology.

[55]  Amalie Thit,et al.  Bioaccumulation, subcellular distribution and toxicity of sediment-associated copper in the ragworm Nereis diversicolor: The relative importance of aqueous copper, copper oxide nanoparticles and microparticles. , 2015, Environmental pollution.