Internet Science

Crowdsourcing emerged with the development of Web 2.0 technol‐ ogies as a distributed online practice that harnesses the collective aptitudes and skills of the crowd in order to reach specific goals. The success of crowdsourcing systems is influenced by the users’ levels of participation and interactions on the platform. Therefore, there is a need for the incorporation of appropriate incentive mechanisms that would lead to sustained user engagement and quality contribu‐ tions. Accordingly, the aim of the particular paper is threefold: first, to provide an overview of user motives and incentives, second, to present the corresponding incentive mechanisms used to trigger these motives, alongside with some indi‐ cative examples of successful crowdsourcing platforms that incorporate these incentive mechanisms, and third, to provide recommendations on their careful design in order to cater to the context and goal of the platform.

[1]  Andrew Ortony,et al.  The Referential Structure of the Affective Lexicon , 1987, Cogn. Sci..

[2]  Michelle L Meade,et al.  The effect of information distribution on collaborative inhibition , 2011, Memory.

[3]  Alessandro Acquisti,et al.  Silent Listeners: The Evolution of Privacy and Disclosure on Facebook , 2013, J. Priv. Confidentiality.

[4]  Franco Bagnoli,et al.  Cognitive Structure of Collective Awareness Platforms , 2014, 2014 IEEE Eighth International Conference on Self-Adaptive and Self-Organizing Systems Workshops.

[5]  Starr Roxanne Hiltz,et al.  A comparative content analysis of face-to-face vs. asynchronous group decision making , 2003, Decis. Support Syst..

[6]  Justyna Olszewska,et al.  Encoding strategy affects false recall and recognition: Evidence from categorical study material , 2013, Advances in cognitive psychology.

[7]  Celia B. Harris,et al.  Collaborative recall and collective memory: What happens when we remember together? , 2008, Memory.

[8]  Yiannis Kompatsiaris,et al.  Assessing the Reliability of Facebook User Profiling , 2015, WWW.

[9]  Carlo Strapparava,et al.  WordNet Affect: an Affective Extension of WordNet , 2004, LREC.

[10]  J. Elizabeth Richey,et al.  When Is It Better to Learn Together? Insights from Research on Collaborative Learning , 2015 .

[11]  B. Basden,et al.  A comparison of group and individual remembering: does collaboration disrupt retrieval strategies? , 1997, Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition.

[12]  Craig Thorley,et al.  Collaborative false recall in the DRM procedure: Effects of group size and group pressure , 2007 .

[13]  Stephanie D. Teasley,et al.  Perceptions and experiences of, and outcomes for, university students in culturally diversified dyads in a computer-supported collaborative learning environment , 2014, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[14]  Anil K. Jain Data clustering: 50 years beyond K-means , 2008, Pattern Recognit. Lett..

[15]  Ning Ding,et al.  Group composition and its effect on female and male problem-solving in science education , 2008 .

[16]  J. Pennebaker,et al.  The Psychological Meaning of Words: LIWC and Computerized Text Analysis Methods , 2010 .

[17]  Grigorios Tsoumakas,et al.  Multi-target regression via input space expansion: treating targets as inputs , 2012, Machine Learning.

[18]  David J. Danelski,et al.  Privacy and Freedom , 1968 .

[19]  Fred Paas,et al.  Task complexity as a driver for collaborative learning efficiency: The collective working-memory effect , 2011 .

[20]  Constance Elise Porter,et al.  A Typology of Virtual Communities: A Multi-Disciplinary Foundation for Future Research , 2006, J. Comput. Mediat. Commun..

[21]  Richard E. Potter,et al.  Virtual team interaction styles: assessment and effects , 2002, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[22]  Tuomo Kakkonen,et al.  Investigating the Role of Emotion-Based Features in Author Gender Classification of Text , 2014, CICLing.

[23]  Franco Bagnoli,et al.  Cognitive Network Structure: an Experimental Study , 2012, Adv. Complex Syst..

[24]  Pietro Liò,et al.  Cognitive network dynamics in chatlines , 2010, ICCS.

[25]  Na Liu,et al.  Joint effects of Gender Composition, Anonymity in Communication and Task Type on Collaborative Learning , 2007, PACIS.

[26]  Zehui Zhan,et al.  Effects of gender grouping on students' group performance, individual achievements and attitudes in computer-supported collaborative learning , 2015, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[27]  Fleur Ruth Prinsen,et al.  The influence of learner characteristics on degree and type of participation in a CSCL environment , 2007, Br. J. Educ. Technol..

[28]  Cindy K. Chung,et al.  The development and psychometric properties of LIWC2007 , 2007 .

[29]  Egbert G. Harskamp,et al.  Exploring gender and gender pairing in the knowledge elaboration processes of students using computer-supported collaborative learning , 2011, Comput. Educ..

[30]  Yiannis Kompatsiaris,et al.  Personalized Privacy-aware Image Classification , 2016, ICMR.

[31]  Celia B. Harris,et al.  Consensus Collaboration Enhances Group and Individual Recall Accuracy , 2012, Quarterly journal of experimental psychology.

[32]  Raquel Benbunan-Fich,et al.  The importance of participant interaction in online environments , 2007, Decis. Support Syst..

[33]  Rolf Rossaint,et al.  Resuscitation training in small-group setting – gender matters , 2013, Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine.

[34]  Grigorios Tsoumakas,et al.  Mining Multi-label Data , 2010, Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery Handbook.

[35]  Bob Campbell,et al.  Talking Science: The research evidence on the use of small group discussions in science teaching , 2010 .

[36]  Sau-chin Chen,et al.  Creating false memories: Remembering words not presented in lists. , 2018 .

[37]  R. Pieters,et al.  Angry customers don't come back, they get back: The experience and behavioral implications of anger and dissatisfaction in services , 2003 .

[38]  Fabrizio Sestini Collective Awareness Platforms: Engines for Sustainability and Ethics , 2012, IEEE Technology and Society Magazine.

[39]  Arne Weigold,et al.  False memory for associated word lists in individuals and collaborating groups , 2008, Memory & cognition.

[40]  Danah Boyd,et al.  Tweet, Tweet, Retweet: Conversational Aspects of Retweeting on Twitter , 2010, 2010 43rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.

[41]  G. Midgley,et al.  Systemic intervention for computer-supported collaborative learning , 2015 .

[42]  Tuomo Kakkonen,et al.  SentiProfiler: Creating Comparable Visual Profiles of Sentimental Content in Texts , 2011 .

[43]  Paul A. Kirschner,et al.  Identifying the pitfalls for social interaction in computer-supported collaborative learning environments: a review of the research , 2003, Comput. Hum. Behav..