The application of pneumotachography on small unrestrained animals

Abstract 1. 1. Pneumotachography, as a method of measuring ventilation is common in human physiology. 2. 2. In contrast, comparative physiology has not taken advantage of the method due to difficulties in applying the conventional version of the method on small animals. 3. 3. These difficulties have been solved by combining a close-fitting face mask with a built-on, lightweight flow transducer head. This modification of the method is inexpensive and permits measurement on unrestrained animals.