An Intuitive Introduction to Hypothesis Testing

The traditional approach to teaching hypothesis testing, based on test statistics, is often perceived as lengthy and convoluted. This perception is of particular concern in business schools where the main focus of statistics education should be on providing practical decision-making tools to future managers. This paper discusses the results of a two-year experiment incorporating a more intuitive graph-based introduction to hypothesis testing that places the concept of p -value in a central role. Using this innovative approach at our institution we decreased class coverage time and improved students' understanding and retention with excellent results.

[1]  B. Marx The Visual Display of Quantitative Information , 1985 .

[2]  H. A. David First (?) Occurrence of Common Terms in Mathematical Statistics , 1995 .

[3]  D. K. Hildebrand,et al.  Statistics Education and the Making Statistics More Effective in Schools of Business Conferences , 2002 .

[4]  Eckert Stephen Teaching Hypothesis Testing With Playing Cards: A Demonstration , 1994 .

[5]  David J. Hand,et al.  How to lie with bad data , 2005 .

[6]  H. Wainer Graphic Discovery: A Trout in the Milk and Other Visual Adventures , 2004 .

[7]  D. S. Moore,et al.  Mathematics, statistics, and teaching , 1997 .

[8]  D. S. Moore,et al.  New Pedagogy and New Content: The Case of Statistics , 1997 .

[9]  Phil T. Chang Improving Quality Through Planned Experimentation , 1991 .

[10]  David R. Cox,et al.  The Oxford Dictionary of Statistical Terms , 2006 .

[11]  Walter L. Smith Probability and Statistics , 1959, Nature.

[12]  Deborah Nolan,et al.  You Can Load a Die, But You Can't Bias a Coin , 2002 .

[13]  P. Fayers,et al.  The Visual Display of Quantitative Information , 1990 .

[14]  R. Weiers Introduction to Business Statistics , 1991 .

[15]  C R Curtis,et al.  P values. , 1990, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association.

[16]  Patrick Shannon,et al.  Business Statistics: A Decision-Making Approach , 1981 .

[17]  S. Christian Albright,et al.  Data Analysis and Decision Making , 2004 .

[18]  David S. Moore,et al.  Undergraduate Programs and the Future of Academic Statistics , 2001 .

[19]  Mark L. Berenson,et al.  Basic Business Statistics : Concepts and Applications , 2007 .

[20]  Michael A. Martin,et al.  “It's Like… You Know”: The Use of Analogies and Heuristics in Teaching Introductory Statistical Methods , 2003 .

[21]  K. Pearson On the Criterion that a Given System of Deviations from the Probable in the Case of a Correlated System of Variables is Such that it Can be Reasonably Supposed to have Arisen from Random Sampling , 1900 .

[22]  Ron S. Kenett,et al.  Statistics for Business and Economics , 1973 .

[23]  Louis Guttman,et al.  Statistical Adjustment of Data , 1944 .

[24]  H. A. David First (?) Occurrence of Common Terms in Probability and Statistics—A Second List, with Corrections , 1998 .

[25]  L. Franklin Graphical Insight into Multiple Regression Concepts , 1992 .

[26]  Jean D. Gibbons,et al.  P-values: Interpretation and Methodology , 1975 .

[27]  Karl Pearson F.R.S. X. On the criterion that a given system of deviations from the probable in the case of a correlated system of variables is such that it can be reasonably supposed to have arisen from random sampling , 2009 .

[28]  Chris Chatfield,et al.  The Initial Examination of Data , 1985 .

[29]  George P. McCabe,et al.  The Practice of Business Statistics , 2004 .

[30]  Ron S. Kenett,et al.  Statistics for Business and Economics. , 1988 .

[31]  G. Wetherill,et al.  Statistical Theory and Methodology in Science and Engineering. , 1962 .

[32]  Joan Garfield Innovations in teaching statistics , 2005 .

[33]  Richard L. Scheaffer,et al.  Activity-Based Statistics: Instructor Resources , 1996 .

[34]  Maxine Pfannkuch,et al.  Statistical Thinking an Statistical Practice: Themes Gleaned from Professional Statisticians , 2000 .

[35]  Stephen M. Stigler,et al.  The History of Statistics: The Measurement of Uncertainty before 1900 , 1986 .

[36]  M. Degroot,et al.  Probability and Statistics , 2021, Examining an Operational Approach to Teaching Probability.