Impactive Effects of Tornado Missiles and Aircraft

Impacts by tornado-generated missiles and aircraft lead to both local and overall effects on barriers. The overall effects are evaluated in terms of the flexural and shear behavior of the target. Recommendations have been made to determine the load-time history of impact by pipe missiles and aircrafts. The effective resistance of a structure due to impact is dependent upon the available ductility. Under impact the structural response is basically elastic and the failure strain is several times the elastic strain. Recommendations are made on the available ductility of the barrier and the dynamic strain. The barrier is designed for an equivalent static load. The problem is to be treated as an elastic one with local plasticity.