Myosin light chain kinase regulates cell polarization independently of membrane tension or Rho kinase

Use of embryonic zebrafish keratocytes as a model system shows that increased myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) activity promotes the formation of multiple protrusions independently of ROCK by increasing myosin accumulation in lamellipodia.

[1]  G. Danuser,et al.  Morphodynamic profiling of protrusion phenotypes. , 2006, Biophysical journal.

[2]  Miguel Vicente-Manzanares,et al.  Regulation of protrusion, adhesion dynamics, and polarity by myosins IIA and IIB in migrating cells , 2007, The Journal of cell biology.

[3]  Jake M. Hofman,et al.  Nonmuscle myosin IIA-dependent force inhibits cell spreading and drives F-actin flow. , 2006, Biophysical journal.

[4]  Fumio Matsumura,et al.  Distinct roles of MLCK and ROCK in the regulation of membrane protrusions and focal adhesion dynamics during cell migration of fibroblasts , 2004, The Journal of cell biology.

[5]  L. Cramer,et al.  Actin Depolymerization-Based Force Retracts the Cell Rear in Polarizing and Migrating Cells , 2011, Current Biology.

[6]  A. Mogilner,et al.  Analysis of actin dynamics at the leading edge of crawling cells: implications for the shape of keratocyte lamellipodia , 2003, European Biophysics Journal.

[7]  Gaudenz Danuser,et al.  Myosin II contributes to cell-scale actin network treadmilling via network disassembly , 2010, Nature.

[8]  Miguel Vicente-Manzanares,et al.  Segregation and activation of myosin IIB creates a rear in migrating cells , 2008, The Journal of cell biology.

[9]  Benoit Ladoux,et al.  Cytoskeletal coherence requires myosin-IIA contractility , 2010, Journal of Cell Science.

[10]  Alexandra Jilkine,et al.  Membrane Tension Maintains Cell Polarity by Confining Signals to the Leading Edge during Neutrophil Migration , 2012, Cell.

[11]  Gary G. Borisy,et al.  Analysis of the Actin–Myosin II System in Fish Epidermal Keratocytes: Mechanism of Cell Body Translocation , 1997, The Journal of cell biology.

[12]  Yue Zhang,et al.  Regulation of Cell Polarity and Protrusion Formation by Targeting RhoA for Degradation , 2003, Science.

[13]  Olivier Pertz,et al.  Neutrophil polarization: spatiotemporal dynamics of RhoA activity support a self-organizing mechanism. , 2006, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[14]  Petra Schwille,et al.  Myosin motors fragment and compact membrane-bound actin filaments , 2013, eLife.

[15]  J. Hartwig,et al.  FilGAP, a Rho- and ROCK-regulated GAP for Rac binds filamin A to control actin remodelling , 2006, Nature Cell Biology.

[16]  Shiaulou Yuan,et al.  Microinjection of mRNA and morpholino antisense oligonucleotides in zebrafish embryos. , 2009, Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE.

[17]  Erin L. Barnhart,et al.  Membrane Tension in Rapidly Moving Cells Is Determined by Cytoskeletal Forces , 2013, Current Biology.

[18]  T. Svitkina,et al.  Myosin II filament assemblies in the active lamella of fibroblasts: their morphogenesis and role in the formation of actin filament bundles , 1995, The Journal of cell biology.

[19]  G. Morvan-Dubois,et al.  Skin development in bony fish with particular emphasis on collagen deposition in the dermis of the zebrafish (Danio rerio). , 2004, The International journal of developmental biology.

[20]  M. Sheetz,et al.  Periodic Lamellipodial Contractions Correlate with Rearward Actin Waves , 2004, Cell.

[21]  Anton J. Enright,et al.  The zebrafish reference genome sequence and its relationship to the human genome , 2013, Nature.

[22]  P. Gallagher,et al.  A fluorescent resonant energy transfer–based biosensor reveals transient and regional myosin light chain kinase activation in lamella and cleavage furrows , 2002, The Journal of cell biology.

[23]  H. B. Goodrich.  CELL BEHAVIOR IN TISSUE CULTURES , 1924 .

[24]  S. Wolfe,et al.  Forward and reverse genetic approaches for the analysis of vertebrate development in the zebrafish. , 2011, Developmental cell.

[25]  T. Pollard,et al.  Characterization of two classes of small molecule inhibitors of Arp2/3 complex , 2009, Nature.

[26]  Zachary Pincus,et al.  Emergence of Large-Scale Cell Morphology and Movement from Local Actin Filament Growth Dynamics , 2007, PLoS biology.

[27]  Julie A. Theriot,et al.  Principles of locomotion for simple-shaped cells , 1993, Nature.

[28]  Jingsong Xu,et al.  Divergent Signals and Cytoskeletal Assemblies Regulate Self-Organizing Polarity in Neutrophils , 2003, Cell.

[29]  Suliana Manley,et al.  A role for actin arcs in the leading-edge advance of migrating cells , 2011, Nature Cell Biology.

[30]  Miguel Vicente-Manzanares,et al.  Myosin IIA/IIB restrict adhesive and protrusive signaling to generate front–back polarity in migrating cells , 2011, The Journal of cell biology.

[31]  M. Gardel,et al.  F-actin buckling coordinates contractility and severing in a biomimetic actomyosin cortex , 2012, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[32]  Michael W. Davidson,et al.  A contractile and counterbalancing adhesion system controls the 3D shape of crawling cells , 2014, The Journal of cell biology.

[33]  G. Mortier,et al.  qBase relative quantification framework and software for management and automated analysis of real-time quantitative PCR data , 2007, Genome Biology.

[34]  Jun Allard,et al.  Traveling waves in actin dynamics and cell motility. , 2013, Current opinion in cell biology.

[35]  Julie A. Theriot,et al.  Mechanism of shape determination in motile cells , 2008, Nature.

[36]  Kenneth M. Yamada,et al.  Myosin IIA regulates cell motility and actomyosin–microtubule crosstalk , 2007, Nature Cell Biology.

[37]  D. Vavylonis,et al.  A review of models of fluctuating protrusion and retraction patterns at the leading edge of motile cells , 2012, Cytoskeleton.

[38]  D. Kimelman,et al.  Analysis of cell shape and polarity during zebrafish gastrulation. , 2012, Methods in molecular biology.

[39]  Melissa Hardy,et al.  The Tol2kit: A multisite gateway‐based construction kit for Tol2 transposon transgenesis constructs , 2007, Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists.

[40]  T. Meyer,et al.  Ca2+ Pulses Control Local Cycles of Lamellipodia Retraction and Adhesion along the Front of Migrating Cells , 2012, Current Biology.

[41]  A. Mogilner,et al.  Actin disassembly clock determines shape and speed of lamellipodial fragments , 2011, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[42]  Rong Zeng,et al.  Regulation of PTEN by Rho small GTPases , 2005, Nature Cell Biology.

[43]  Liedewij Laan,et al.  Assembly dynamics of microtubules at molecular resolution , 2006, Nature.

[44]  G. Danuser,et al.  Two Distinct Actin Networks Drive the Protrusion of Migrating Cells , 2004, Science.

[45]  Z Pincus,et al.  Comparison of quantitative methods for cell‐shape analysis , 2007, Journal of microscopy.

[46]  Timothy J Mitchison,et al.  Screening for cell migration inhibitors via automated microscopy reveals a Rho-kinase inhibitor. , 2005, Chemistry & biology.

[47]  H. Hidaka,et al.  Selective inhibition of catalytic activity of smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase. , 1987, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[48]  K. Burridge,et al.  RhoA and ROCK Promote Migration by Limiting Membrane Protrusions* , 2003, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[49]  Xiao-pei Gao,et al.  Nonmuscle myosin light-chain kinase mediates neutrophil transmigration in sepsis-induced lung inflammation by activating β2 integrins , 2008, Nature Immunology.

[50]  Elaine Fuchs,et al.  Direct in Vivo RNAi Screen Unveils Myosin IIa as a Tumor Suppressor of Squamous Cell Carcinomas , 2014, Science.

[51]  M. Schliwa,et al.  Persistent, directional motility of cells and cytoplasmic fragments in the absence of microtubules , 1984, Nature.

[52]  Gaudenz Danuser,et al.  Actin–myosin network reorganization breaks symmetry at the cell rear to spontaneously initiate polarized cell motility , 2007, The Journal of cell biology.

[53]  David R. Kelley,et al.  Differential gene and transcript expression analysis of RNA-seq experiments with TopHat and Cufflinks , 2012, Nature Protocols.

[54]  W. Loomis,et al.  Cell motility and chemotaxis in Dictyostelium amebae lacking myosin heavy chain. , 1988, Developmental biology.

[55]  Julie A. Theriot,et al.  An Adhesion-Dependent Switch between Mechanisms That Determine Motile Cell Shape , 2011, PLoS biology.