Complex formation by the human RAD51C and XRCC3 recombination repair proteins

In vertebrates, the RAD51 protein is required for genetic recombination, DNA repair, and cellular proliferation. Five paralogs of RAD51, known as RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, XRCC2, and XRCC3, have been identified and also shown to be required for recombination and genome stability. At the present time, however, very little is known about their biochemical properties or precise biological functions. As a first step toward understanding the roles of the RAD51 paralogs in recombination, the human RAD51C and XRCC3 proteins were overexpressed and purified from baculovirus-infected insect cells. The two proteins copurify as a complex, a property that reflects their endogenous association observed in HeLa cells. Purified RAD51C–XRCC3 complex binds single-stranded, but not duplex DNA, to form protein–DNA networks that have been visualized by electron microscopy.

[1]  M. Takata,et al.  Homologous DNA recombination in vertebrate cells , 2001, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[2]  D. Schild,et al.  Mutants of the Five Rad51 Paralogs Recombinational Repair in Knockout Chromosome Instability and Defective , 2022 .

[3]  S C West,et al.  Role of BRCA2 in control of the RAD51 recombination and DNA repair protein. , 2001, Molecular cell.

[4]  J. Thacker,et al.  Xrcc2 is required for genetic stability, embryonic neurogenesis and viability in mice , 2000, The EMBO journal.

[5]  S. West,et al.  Reconstitution of the strand invasion step of double-strand break repair using human Rad51 Rad52 and RPA proteins. , 2000, Journal of molecular biology.

[6]  F. Couch,et al.  17q23 amplifications in breast cancer involve the PAT1, RAD51C, PS6K, and SIGma1B genes. , 2000, Cancer research.

[7]  J. Kononen,et al.  Multiple genes at 17q23 undergo amplification and overexpression in breast cancer. , 2000, Cancer research.

[8]  C. Wilson,et al.  Mammalian recombination-repair genes XRCC2 and XRCC3 promote correct chromosome segregation , 2000, Nature Cell Biology.

[9]  J. Braybrooke,et al.  The RAD51 Family Member, RAD51L3, Is a DNA-stimulated ATPase That Forms a Complex with XRCC2* , 2000, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[10]  P. Sung,et al.  Superhelicity-driven homologous DNA pairing by yeast recombination factors Rad51 and Rad54. , 2000, Molecular cell.

[11]  J. Albala,et al.  The Rad51 Paralog Rad51B Promotes Homologous Recombinational Repair , 2000, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

[12]  W. Heyer,et al.  Rad54 protein is targeted to pairing loci by the Rad51 nucleoprotein filament. , 2000, Molecular cell.

[13]  V. Yamazaki,et al.  A critical role for histone H2AX in recruitment of repair factors to nuclear foci after DNA damage , 2000, Current Biology.

[14]  David J. Chen,et al.  Evidence for Simultaneous Protein Interactions between Human Rad51 Paralogs* , 2000, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[15]  P. Sung,et al.  Functional Interactions among Yeast Rad51 Recombinase, Rad52 Mediator, and Replication Protein A in DNA Strand Exchange* , 2000, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[16]  H. Toh,et al.  A recombination repair gene of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, rhp57, is a functional homolog of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD57 gene and is phylogenetically related to the human XRCC3 gene. , 2000, Genetics.

[17]  J. Schimenti,et al.  Midgestation lethality in mice deficient for the RecA‐related gene, Rad51d/Rad51l3 , 2000, Genesis.

[18]  P. Sung,et al.  Tailed duplex DNA is the preferred substrate for Rad 51 protein-mediated homologous pairing preference for 3-end invasion is generally considered , 2000 .

[19]  M. Rice,et al.  HsRec2/Rad51L1, a protein influencing cell cycle progression, has protein kinase activity. , 2000, Experimental cell research.

[20]  M. Rice,et al.  Disruption of muREC2/RAD51L1 in Mice Results in Early Embryonic Lethality Which Can Be Partially Rescued in a p53−/− Background , 1999, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

[21]  S. Kathiresan,et al.  hREC2, a RAD51-like gene, is disrupted by t(12;14) (q15;q24.1) in a uterine leiomyoma. , 1999, Cancer genetics and cytogenetics.

[22]  L. Thompson,et al.  XRCC3 promotes homology-directed repair of DNA damage in mammalian cells. , 1999, Genes & development.

[23]  S. West,et al.  Human Dmc1 protein binds DNA as an octameric ring. , 1999, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[24]  N. Maizels,et al.  Localization and dynamic relocalization of mammalian Rad52 during the cell cycle and in response to DNA damage , 1999, Current Biology.

[25]  P. Baumann,et al.  Heteroduplex formation by human Rad51 protein: effects of DNA end-structure, hRP-A and hRad52. , 1999, Journal of molecular biology.

[26]  M. Oshimura,et al.  The XRCC2 and XRCC3 repair genes are required for chromosome stability in mammalian cells. , 1999, Mutation research.

[27]  J. Thacker.  A surfeit of RAD51-like genes? , 1999, Trends in Genetics.

[28]  J. Hoeijmakers,et al.  Mouse Rad54 affects DNA conformation and DNA-damage-induced Rad51 foci formation , 1999, Current Biology.

[29]  W. V. D. Van de Ven,et al.  Allelic knockout of novel splice variants of human recombination repair gene RAD51B in t(12;14) uterine leiomyomas. , 1999, Cancer research.

[30]  S. West,et al.  Visualisation of human rad52 protein and its complexes with hRad51 and DNA. , 1998, Journal of molecular biology.

[31]  T. Haaf,et al.  Interaction of human rad51 recombination protein with single-stranded DNA binding protein, RPA. , 1998, Nucleic acids research.

[32]  B. Morolli,et al.  Targeted Inactivation of Mouse RAD52Reduces Homologous Recombination but Not Resistance to Ionizing Radiation , 1998, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

[33]  Akira Shinohara,et al.  Homologous Recombination, but Not DNA Repair, Is Reduced in Vertebrate Cells Deficient in RAD52 , 1998, Molecular and Cellular Biology.

[34]  F. Couch,et al.  Stable interaction between the products of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 tumor suppressor genes in mitotic and meiotic cells. , 1998, Molecular cell.

[35]  Richard Cartwright,et al.  The XRCC2 DNA repair gene from human and mouse encodes a novel member of the recA/RAD51 family , 1998, Nucleic Acids Res..

[36]  P. Sung,et al.  Catalysis of homologous DNA pairing by yeast Rad51 and Rad54 proteins , 1998, Nature.

[37]  J. Lamerdin,et al.  XRCC2 and XRCC3, new human Rad51-family members, promote chromosome stability and protect against DNA cross-links and other damages. , 1998, Molecular cell.

[38]  J. Schimenti,et al.  Identification, characterization, and genetic mapping of Rad51d, a new mouse and human RAD51/RecA-related gene. , 1998, Genomics.

[39]  J. Thacker,et al.  Isolation of novel human and mouse genes of the recA/RAD51 recombination-repair gene family. , 1998, Nucleic acids research.

[40]  J. Albala,et al.  Isolation and characterization of RAD51C, a new human member of the RAD51 family of related genes. , 1998, Nucleic acids research.

[41]  P. Baumann,et al.  Synergistic actions of Rad51 and Rad52 in recombination and DNA repair , 1998, Nature.

[42]  A. Shinohara,et al.  Stimulation by Rad52 of yeast Rad51- mediated recombination , 1998, Nature.

[43]  S. Kowalczykowski,et al.  Rad52 protein stimulates DNA strand exchange by Rad51 and replication protein A , 1998, Nature.

[44]  Akira Shinohara,et al.  Rad51‐deficient vertebrate cells accumulate chromosomal breaks prior to cell death , 1998, The EMBO journal.

[45]  J. Albala,et al.  Identification of a novel human RAD51 homolog, RAD51B. , 1997, Genomics.

[46]  P. Sung.  Function of Yeast Rad52 Protein as a Mediator between Replication Protein A and the Rad51 Recombinase* , 1997, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[47]  F. Bullrich,et al.  Isolation of human and mouse genes based on homology to REC2, a recombinational repair gene from the fungus Ustilago maydis. , 1997, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[48]  P. Sung.  Yeast Rad55 and Rad57 proteins form a heterodimer that functions with replication protein A to promote DNA strand exchange by Rad51 recombinase. , 1997, Genes & development.

[49]  Yuko Yamaguchi-Iwai,et al.  Reduced X-Ray Resistance and Homologous Recombination Frequencies in a RAD54−/− Mutant of the Chicken DT40 Cell Line , 1997, Cell.

[50]  J. Hoeijmakers,et al.  Disruption of Mouse RAD54 Reduces Ionizing Radiation Resistance and Homologous Recombination , 1997, Cell.

[51]  Yonghong Xiao,et al.  Association of BRCA1 with Rad51 in Mitotic and Meiotic Cells , 1997, Cell.

[52]  P. Hasty,et al.  A mutation in mouse rad51 results in an early embryonic lethal that is suppressed by a mutation in p53 , 1996, Molecular and cellular biology.

[53]  K. Nakao,et al.  Targeted disruption of the Rad51 gene leads to lethality in embryonic mice. , 1996, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[54]  L. Symington,et al.  Copyright � 1995, American Society for Microbiology Functional Differences and Interactions among the Putative , 1995 .

[55]  P. Berg,et al.  Complex formation in yeast double-strand break repair: participation of Rad51, Rad52, Rad55, and Rad57 proteins. , 1995, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[56]  R. Tebbs,et al.  Correction of chromosomal instability and sensitivity to diverse mutagens by a cloned cDNA of the XRCC3 DNA repair gene. , 1995, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[57]  A. Stasiak,et al.  Purification and characterization of the human Rad51 protein, an analogue of E. coli RecA. , 1994, The EMBO journal.

[58]  R. Painter,et al.  A Chinese hamster ovary cell line hypersensitive to ionizing radiation and deficient in repair replication. , 1988, Mutation research.

[59]  S. Lovett,et al.  Characterization of null mutants of the RAD55 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: effects of temperature, osmotic strength and mating type. , 1987, Genetics.

[60]  J. Thacker,et al.  Isolation and cross-sensitivity of X-ray-sensitive mutants of V79-4 hamster cells. , 1987, Mutation research.