Coupled photorefractive spatial-soliton pairs

We provide a comprehensive experimental and theoretical study of incoherently coupled photorefractive spatial-soliton pairs in all three possible realizations: bright–bright, dark–dark, and dark–bright. We also show that when the total intensity of two coupled solitons is much lower than the effective dark irradiance, the coupled soliton pair is reduced to Manakov solitons. In all cases, mutual trapping of both components in the coupled soliton pair is verified by analyzing, experimentally and numerically, the beam evolution after decoupling.

[1]  Gregory J. Salamo,et al.  Observation of two-dimensional steady-state photorefractive screening solitons , 1995 .

[2]  Jose Javier Sanchez-Mondragon,et al.  Spatial solitons in photorefractive Bi12TiO20 with drift mechanism of nonlinearity , 1994 .

[3]  M Segev,et al.  Incoherent collisions between two-dimensional bright steady-state photorefractive spatial screening solitons. , 1996, Optics letters.

[4]  Fischer,et al.  Spatial solitons in photorefractive media. , 1992, Physical review letters.

[5]  Demetrios N. Christodoulides,et al.  Higher-order space charge field effects on the evolution of spatial solitons in biased photorefractive crystals , 1996, Summaries of Papers Presented at the Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference.

[6]  M. Segev,et al.  Incoherently coupled dark-bright photorefractive solitons. , 1996, Optics letters.

[7]  Self-deflection of steady-state bright spatial solitons in biased photorefractive crystals☆ , 1995 .

[8]  Yuri S. Kivshar,et al.  Polarized dark solitons in isotropic Kerr media , 1997 .

[9]  Mordechai Segev,et al.  THREE-DIMENSIONAL SPIRALING OF INTERACTING SPATIAL SOLITONS , 1997 .

[10]  W. Krolikowski,et al.  Fusion and birth of spatial solitons upon collision. , 1997, Optics letters.

[11]  B. Luther-Davies,et al.  Three dimensional bright spatial soliton collision and fusion in a saturable Nonlinear Medium. , 1996, Physical review letters.

[12]  Yuri S. Kivshar,et al.  Dark solitons in nonlinear optics , 1993 .

[13]  P Leach,et al.  Two-dimensional steady-state photorefractive screening solitons. , 1996, Optics letters.

[14]  Yariv,et al.  Dark and bright photovoltaic spatial solitons. , 1994, Physical review. A, Atomic, molecular, and optical physics.

[15]  Sharp,et al.  Observation of self-trapping of an optical beam due to the photorefractive effect. , 1993, Physical review letters.

[16]  M. Segev,et al.  Circular waveguides induced by two-dimensional bright steady-state photorefractive spatial screening solitons. , 1996, Optics letters.

[17]  Stegeman,et al.  Observation of two-dimensional spatial solitary waves in a quadratic medium. , 1995, Physical review letters.

[18]  S I Stepanov,et al.  Observation of interaction forces between one-dimensional spatial solitons in photorefractive crystals. , 1997, Optics letters.

[19]  M. Lakshmanan,et al.  Bright and dark soliton solutions to coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equations , 1995 .

[20]  Shih,et al.  One-dimensional steady-state photorefractive screening solitons. , 1996, Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics.

[21]  D. Christodoulides.  Black and white vector solitons in weakly birefringent optical fibers , 1988 .

[22]  Chen,et al.  Self-Trapping of Partially Spatially Incoherent Light. , 1996, Physical review letters.

[23]  M. Segev,et al.  Theory Of Incoherent Self-focusing In Biased Photorefractive Media , 1997, QELS '97., Summaries of Papers Presented at the Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference.

[24]  B Luther-Davies,et al.  Multimode structure of bright and dark vector solitons in photorefractive media. , 1996, Optics letters.

[25]  M. Segev,et al.  Steady-state photorefractive soliton-induced Y-junction waveguides and high-order dark spatial solitons. , 1996, Optics letters.

[26]  Demetrios N. Christodoulides,et al.  Bright, dark, and gray spatial soliton states in photorefractive media , 1995 .

[27]  P W Smith,et al.  Experimental observation of spatial soliton interactions. , 1991, Optics Letters.

[28]  Richard E. Muller,et al.  SELF-TRAPPING OF AN OPTICAL VORTEX BY USE OF THE BULK PHOTOVOLTAIC EFFECT , 1997 .

[29]  Morin,et al.  Dark photorefractive spatial solitons and photorefractive vortex solitons. , 1995, Physical review letters.

[30]  Alain Barthélémy,et al.  Observation of the self-guided propagation of a dark and bright spatial soliton pair in a focusing nonlinear medium , 1992 .

[31]  M. Segev,et al.  Sequential formation of multiple dark photorefractive spatial solitons: experiments and theory , 1997 .

[32]  Martin M. Fejer,et al.  Photovoltaic spatial solitons , 1997 .

[33]  Demetrios N. Christodoulides,et al.  Evolution of spatial optical solitons in biased photorefractive media under steady state conditions , 1995 .

[34]  Fejer,et al.  Observation of dark photovoltaic spatial solitons. , 1995, Physical review. A, Atomic, molecular, and optical physics.

[35]  G I Stegeman,et al.  Optical solitary waves induced by cross-phase modulation. , 1988, Optics letters.

[36]  M Segev,et al.  Steady-state dark photorefractive screening solitons. , 1996, Optics letters.

[37]  Kang,et al.  Observation of Manakov spatial solitons in AlGaAs planar waveguides. , 1996, Physical review letters.

[38]  M. Segev,et al.  Self-trapping of planar optical beams by use of the photorefractive effect in InP:Fe. , 1996, Optics letters.

[39]  George C. Valley,et al.  Photorefractive screening solitons of high and low intensity , 1996 .

[40]  M. Segev,et al.  Incoherently coupled soliton pairs in biased photorefractive crystals , 1996, Summaries of Papers Presented at the Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference.

[41]  Y. Kivshar,et al.  Dynamics of coupled dark and bright optical solitons. , 1989, Optics letters.

[42]  M. Segev,et al.  Steady-state spatial screening solitons in photorefractive materials with external applied field. , 1994, Physical review letters.

[43]  C. Froehly,et al.  Spatial-soliton-induced guided waves in a homogeneous nonlinear Kerr medium. , 1991, Optics letters.

[44]  M Segev,et al.  Waveguides formed by quasi-steady-state photorefractive spatial solitons. , 1995, Optics letters.

[45]  D. Christodoulides,et al.  Vector interactions of steady-state planar solitons in biased photorefractive media. , 1995, Optics letters.

[46]  Demetrios N. Christodoulides,et al.  Incoherent collisions between one-dimensional steady-state photorefractive screening solitons , 1996 .

[47]  A. Snyder,et al.  UNIFICATION OF LINEAR AND NONLINEAR WAVE OPTICS , 1995 .

[48]  M Segev,et al.  Coherent Collisions Of Photorefractive Solitons , 1997, QELS '97., Summaries of Papers Presented at the Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference.

[49]  Akhmediev,et al.  Self-bending photorefractive solitons. , 1996, Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics.

[50]  M C Bashaw,et al.  Y junctions arising from dark-soliton propagation in photovoltaic media. , 1996, Optics letters.

[51]  Kugel,et al.  Temporal behavior of bidimensional photorefractive bright spatial solitons. , 1996, Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics.

[52]  M. Segev,et al.  Observation of incoherently coupled photorefractive spatial soliton pairs. , 1996, Optics letters.

[53]  M. Segev,et al.  Vector photorefractive spatial solitons. , 1995, Optics letters.

[54]  Joseph,et al.  Dark and bright vector spatial solitons in biased photorefractive media. , 1996, Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics.

[55]  A. Barthélémy,et al.  Spatial solitons pairing by cross phase modulation , 1992 .