Low-frequency chiral coatings

A procedure to estimate the electromagnetic properties of chiral samples with different volume concentrations is developed based upon the electromagnetic properties of the chiral sample with a specified volume concentration. The electromagnetic properties of the chiral sample is obtained using normal incidence measurements at microwave frequencies. Then the macroscopic susceptibilities and microscopic rotabilities of the chiral sample are computed in the long wavelength (low frequency) limit from the measured electromagnetic properties. As long as the microscopic rotabilities of the chiral sample with a given volume concentration are calculated, then the electromagnetic properties of the chiral samples with different volume concentrations can be computed numerically. Comparison between the extrapolated and measured electromagnetic properties of chiral samples will be reported.