Conformational flexibility and its functional significance in some protein molecules

Abstract Crystallography has contributed much to our knowledge of protein flexibility and here are described some examples of large-scale segmental flexibilities discovered by X=ray diffraction. These examples indicate that flexibility may be required for enzymatic catalysis and other functions of proteins, and also for their regulation.

[1]  D. Davies,et al.  Three-dimensional structure of an intact human immunoglobulin. , 1977, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[2]  R. Huber,et al.  Isolation of the globular region of the subcomponent q of the C1 component of complement. , 1979, Hoppe-Seyler's Zeitschrift fur physiologische Chemie.

[3]  J Deisenhofer,et al.  Structure of the complex formed by bovine trypsin and bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. II. Crystallographic refinement at 1.9 A resolution. , 1974, Journal of molecular biology.

[4]  J. Deisenhofer,et al.  Crystallographic refinement of the structure of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor at l.5 Å resolution , 1975 .

[5]  G. Cohen,et al.  The three-dimensional structure of a phosphorylcholine-binding mouse immunoglobulin Fab and the nature of the antigen binding site. , 1974, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[6]  O. Jardetzky,et al.  Differential mobility of the N-terminal headpiece in the lac-repressor protein. , 1979, Journal of molecular biology.

[7]  R. Huber,et al.  The transition of bovine trypsinogen to a trypsin-like state upon strong ligand binding. The refined crystal structures of the bovine trypsinogen-pancreatic trypsin inhibitor complex and of its ternary complex with Ile-Val at 1.9 A resolution. , 1978, Journal of molecular biology.

[8]  F. Lynen,et al.  The Multienzyme Systems of Fatty Acid Biosynthesis , 1972 .

[9]  S. Harrison,et al.  Tomato bushy stunt virus at 2.9 Å resolution , 1978, Nature.

[10]  H. Metzger,et al.  The effect of antigen on antibodies: recent studies. , 1978, Contemporary topics in molecular immunology.

[11]  R. Huber,et al.  Crystal structure analysis of the tetragonal crystal form are preliminary molecular model of pig-heart citrate synthase. , 1979, European journal of biochemistry.

[12]  R. Huber,et al.  Structure of the complex formed by bovine trypsin and bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. Crystal structure determination and stereochemistry of the contact region. , 1973, Journal of molecular biology.

[13]  J Deisenhofer,et al.  Structure of the human antibody molecule Kol (immunoglobulin G1): an electron density map at 5 A resolution. , 1976, Journal of molecular biology.

[14]  K. D. Watenpaugh,et al.  Refinement of the model of a protein: rubredoxin at 1.5 Å resolution , 1973 .

[15]  K. Holmes,et al.  Structure of RNA and RNA binding site in tobacco mosaic virus from 4-Å map calculated from X-ray fibre diagrams , 1977, Nature.

[16]  W. Steigemann,et al.  Structure of erythrocruorin in different ligand states refined at 1.4 A resolution. , 1979, Journal of molecular biology.

[17]  M. Karplus,et al.  Internal motions of antibody molecules , 1977, Nature.

[18]  K. Beyreuther,et al.  1H NMR study of the lactose repressor from Escherichia coli , 1978, FEBS letters.

[19]  R. Huber,et al.  Structural basis of the activation and action of trypsin , 1978 .

[20]  R. Staden,et al.  Protein disk of tobacco mosaic virus at 2.8 Å resolution showing the interactions within and between subunits , 1978, Nature.

[21]  R. Huber,et al.  Crystallization, crystal structure analysis and atomic model of the complex formed by a human Fc fragment and fragment B of protein A from Staphylococcus aureus. , 1978, Hoppe-Seyler's Zeitschrift fur physiologische Chemie.

[22]  J. Engel,et al.  Selective reduction and proteolysis in the hinge region of liganded and unliganded antibodies. Identical kinetics suggest lack of major conformational change in the hinge region , 1978, European journal of immunology.

[23]  Lester Packer,et al.  Current topics in bioenergetics , 1966 .

[24]  M. Karplus,et al.  Protein structural fluctuations during a period of 100 ps , 1979, Nature.

[25]  R. Huber,et al.  Induction of the bovine trypsinogen—trypsin transition by peptides sequentially similar to the N‐terminus of trypsin , 1976, FEBS letters.

[26]  D. F. Waugh,et al.  Protein-protein interactions. , 1954, Advances in protein chemistry.

[27]  M. Kerr,et al.  Catalysis by serine proteases and their zymogens. A study of acyl intermediates by circular dichroism. , 1975, Biochemistry.

[28]  R. Huber,et al.  Crystallographic structure studies of an IgG molecule and an Fc fragment , 1976, Nature.

[29]  G. Petsko,et al.  Protein crystallography at sub-zero temperatures: lysozyme-substrate complexes in cooled mixed solvents. , 1975, Journal of molecular biology.

[30]  Porter Rr Structure and activation of the early components of complement. , 1977 .

[31]  H. Metzger,et al.  Effect of antigen binding on the properties of antibody. , 1974, Advances in immunology.

[32]  B. Sykes,et al.  Complete tyrosine assignments in the high field 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of the bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. , 1975, Biochemistry.

[33]  Ian J. Tickle,et al.  X-ray analysis of glucagon and its relationship to receptor binding , 1975, Nature.

[34]  R. Huber,et al.  Crystal structure of the human Fab fragment Kol and its comparison with the intact Kol molecule. , 1978, Journal of molecular biology.

[35]  V. Schumaker,et al.  Changes in quaternary structure of IgG upon reduction of the interheavy-chain disulfide bond. , 1979, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[36]  R M Sweet,et al.  Crystal structure of the complex of porcine trypsin with soybean trypsin inhibitor (Kunitz) at 2.6-A resolution. , 1974, Biochemistry.

[37]  F. Parak,et al.  Untersuchung des Schwingungsanteils und des Kristallgitterfehleranteils des Temperaturfaktors in Myoglobin durch Vergleich von Mössbauer-absorptionsmessungen mit Röntgenstrukturdaten , 1971 .

[38]  E. Neumann,et al.  Kinetics and mechanism for the conformational transition in p-guanidinobenzoate bovine trypsinogen induced by the isoleucine-valine dipeptide. , 1979, Biophysical chemistry.

[39]  R. Knights,et al.  Disulfide bond-modified trypsinogen. Role of disulfide 179-203 on the specificity characteristics of bovine trypsin toward synthetic substrates. , 1976, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[40]  L. Stryer,et al.  Segmental flexibility in an antibody molecule. , 1970, Journal of molecular biology.

[41]  K. R. Ely,et al.  Mobile Fc region in the Zie IgG2 cryoglobulin: comparison of crystals of the F(ab')2 fragment and the intact immunoglobulin. , 1978, Biochemistry.

[42]  O. Jardetzky,et al.  Unusual segmental flexibility in a region of tobacco mosaic virus coat protein , 1978, Nature.

[43]  M. Karplus,et al.  Dynamics of folded proteins , 1977, Nature.

[44]  W. Bode,et al.  The transition of bovine trypsinogen to a trypsin-like state upon strong ligand binding. II. The binding of the pancreatic trypsin inhibitor and of isoleucine-valine and of sequentially related peptides to trypsinogen and to p-guanidinobenzoate-trypsinogen. , 1979, Journal of molecular biology.

[45]  R. Huber,et al.  Crystal structure of bovine trypsinogen at 1-8 A resolution. II. Crystallographic refinement, refined crystal structure and comparison with bovine trypsin. , 1977, Journal of molecular biology.

[46]  Hans Frauenfelder,et al.  Temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction as a probe of protein structural dynamics , 1979, Nature.

[47]  R. Huber,et al.  Crystallographic structural studies of a human Fc fragment. II. A complete model based on a Fourier map at 3.5 A resolution. , 1976, Hoppe-Seyler's Zeitschrift fur physiologische Chemie.

[48]  T. Lin,et al.  Interaction of human Clq with insoluble immunoglobulin aggregates. , 1978, Immunochemistry.