Tyrosinase inhibitory and antileishmanial constituents from the rhizomes of Paris polyphylla

The search for bioactive natural products from the rhizomes of Paris polyphylla (Trilliaceae) has resulted in the isolation of four known constituents, 1,5-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-3-methylanthraquinone (1), diosgenin-3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-β-D-glucopyranoside] (2), diosgenin-3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1Rha → 2Glu)-α-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1Ara → 4Glu)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), and diosgenin-3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1Rha → 2Glu)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1Ara → 4Glu)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (4). Their structures were identified by spectral comparison with the reported data. Compound 1 was isolated for the first time from this genus. The chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol extracts of the plant were found to have mild to moderate inhibitory potentials against the enzyme tyrosinase. Compound 1 showed strong (IC50 = 0.23 µM), while compounds 2–4 and hydrolyzed product 4a showed mild to moderate (IC50 = 0.93–36.87 µM) activities against the tyrosinase. Similarly, compounds 2–4 and 4a showed mild to moderate (IC50 = 1.59–83.72 µg mL−1) antileishmanial activities.