From external to internal measurement: a form theory approach to evolution.

The point of view of external observers has led to an explanation of life based on digitally encoded information. In contrast, the existence of natural internal observers, or agents that belong to the same scale of the observed objects, explains the appearance of form centered approaches. The main controversies in thermodynamics and evolution are due to the changes of perspective, so as to speak, if measurement is considered to be external or internal. Equilibrium theories developed for closed systems under ideal conditions are analogous to external measurements. On the other hand, morphogenetic perspectives as far from equilibrium thermodynamics applicable to open systems allow to imagine self-organizing agents that perform local measurements. Chaitin's algorithmic approach would help to elucidate the relation between digitally encoded information and active forms, because forms and shapes are responsible for specific pattern recognition and play a major role in the process of finding the proper measuring standard. The predominance of form over digital records is illustrated by studying the mapping between genetic descriptions and functional shapes, originally suggested for RNA, by Schuster. Therefore, interactions between living entities are seen as reciprocal measurement processes that bring about couplings (shortened descriptions and local decreases of entropy) that are paid by partial record erasure (increase of entropy). To conclude, this approach centered on the inner dynamics or form is appropriate for understanding how Lamarckism and the modern neutral theory of evolution can be integrated for expanding the neoDarwinian perspective.