Investigation of liposome-based immunomigration sensors for the detection of polychlorinated biphenyls.

The use of immunospecific liposome migration offers many advantages for the extralaboratory detection of environmental contaminants. Devices utilizing this technique are fast, easy to use, and robust and respond to the presence of analyte at low-parts-per-billion concentrations. Investigations have been carried out that determine optimal interactions for key components of these assays, and techniques are presented for the development of generalized liposome immunoassays. Two complementary prototype liposome-based immunomigration techniques have been developed for the detection of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The liposome immunocompetition assay format measures the competitive reaction between analyte-tagged liposomes and the sample analyte for immobilized antibodies and can detect 0.4 nmol of PCB in less than 8 min. A more sensitive format, the liposome immunoaggregation (LIA) assay detects the inhibition of immunospecific liposome aggregation in solution and can detect 2.6 pmol of PCB in less than 23 min. Laser diffraction particle sizing has been used to study LIA-induced increases in liposome size over time and to determine optimal conditions for the application of this technique. Both formats utilize capillary action to transport liposome-containing solutions along strips of nitrocellulose. Measurement of color intensity is then carried out visually or with a desktop scanner.

[1]  S. Friedman,et al.  An on-site immunoassay for detecting PCB in soil , 1993, Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology.

[2]  J. Sportsman,et al.  Improved technique utilizing nonfat dry milk for analysis of proteins and nucleic acids transferred to nitrocellulose , 1984 .

[3]  C. Niblett,et al.  Development of a dot-immunobinding assay for detection of citrus tristeza virus. , 1991, Journal of virological methods.

[4]  A. Karu,et al.  Monoclonal antibodies for immunoassay of avermectins , 1990 .

[5]  P. Constantinides,et al.  Contact-dependent, immunecomplex-mediated lysis of hapten-sensitized liposomes. , 1993, Bioconjugate chemistry.

[6]  D. Armbruster,et al.  Screening for drugs of abuse with the Roche ONTRAK assays. , 1992, Journal of analytical toxicology.

[7]  W. Heineman,et al.  Simultaneous immunoassay using electrochemical detection of metal ion labels. , 1994, Analytical chemistry.

[8]  K. Wernars,et al.  Immunological methods for detection of foodborne pathogens and their toxins. , 1991, International journal of food microbiology.

[9]  G. Scatchard,et al.  THE ATTRACTIONS OF PROTEINS FOR SMALL MOLECULES AND IONS , 1949 .

[10]  E. Rowe,et al.  13C-NMR and spectrophotometric studies of alcohol-lipid interactions. , 1987, Chemistry and physics of lipids.

[11]  R A Durst,et al.  Liposome flow injection immunoassay: implications for sensitivity, dynamic range, and antibody regeneration. , 1990, Analytical chemistry.

[12]  D. Monroe.  Novel Liposome Immunoassays for Detecting Antigens, Antibodies, and Haptens , 1989 .

[13]  A. Henderson.  Chemistry with confidence: should Clinical Chemistry require confidence intervals for analytical and other data? , 1993, Clinical chemistry.

[14]  N. E. Bari,et al.  Microparticle-Enhanced Nephelometric Immunoassay. 1. Measurement of αs-Casein and κ-Casein , 1991 .

[15]  W. Newhall,et al.  The use of Tween 20 as a blocking agent in the immunological detection of proteins transferred to nitrocellulose membranes. , 1982, Journal of immunological methods.

[16]  E. G. Estevez,et al.  Evaluation of a new latex agglutination test for detection of streptococcal antibodies. , 1987, Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease.

[17]  A. Plant,et al.  Generic liposome reagent for immunoassays. , 1989, Analytical biochemistry.

[18]  D. Leckband,et al.  Higher order self-assembly of vesicles by site-specific binding. , 1994, Science.

[19]  Richard A. Durst,et al.  Liposome immunomigration field assay device for Alachlor determination , 1993 .

[20]  M. McKinney,et al.  A simple, non-chromatographic procedure to purify immunoglobulins from serum and ascites fluid. , 1987, Journal of immunological methods.

[21]  R A Durst,et al.  Liposome flow injection immunoassay: model calculations of competitive immunoreactions involving univalent and multivalent ligands. , 1991, Analytical chemistry.