Peptidomics of the Larval Drosophila melanogasterCentral Nervous System*

Neuropeptides regulate most, if not all, biological processes in the animal kingdom, but only seven have been isolated and sequenced from Drosophila melanogaster. In analogy with the proteomics technology, where all proteins expressed in a cell or tissue are analyzed, the peptidomics approach aims at the simultaneous identification of the whole peptidome of a cell or tissue,i.e. all expressed peptides with their posttranslational modifications. Using nanoscale liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry and data base mining, we analyzed the peptidome of the larval Drosophila central nervous system at the amino acid sequence level. We were able to provide biochemical evidence for the presence of 28 neuropeptides using an extract of only 50 larval Drosophila central nervous systems. Eighteen of these peptides are encoded in previously cloned or annotated precursor genes, although not all of them were predicted correctly. Eleven of these peptides were never purified before. Eight other peptides are entirely novel and are encoded in five different, not yet annotated genes. This neuropeptide expression profiling study also opens perspectives for other eukaryotic model systems, for which genome projects are completed or in progress.

[1]  J. Huybrechts,et al.  New insights in Adipokinetic Hormone (AKH) precursor processing in Locusta migratoria obtained by capillary liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry 1 1 Note: Web page available at http://www.kuleuven.ac.be/bio/fysio. , 2002, Peptides.

[2]  A. Hart,et al.  Identification of neuropeptide-like protein gene families in Caenorhabditis elegans and other species , 2001, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[3]  L. Schoofs,et al.  Gonadotropins in insects: an overview. , 2001, Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology.

[4]  P. Taghert,et al.  Neuropeptides and neuropeptide receptors in the Drosophila melanogaster genome. , 2001, Genome research.

[5]  M. Williamson,et al.  Molecular cloning, genomic organization, and expression of a C-type (Manduca sexta-type) allatostatin preprohormone from Drosophila melanogaster. , 2001, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[6]  E. Hafen,et al.  An evolutionarily conserved function of the Drosophila insulin receptor and insulin-like peptides in growth control , 2001, Current Biology.

[7]  J. Broeck.  Neuropeptides and their precursors in the fruitfly, Drosophila melanogaster☆ , 2001, Peptides.

[8]  L. Schoofs,et al.  Pyrokinin neuropeptides in a crustacean. Isolation and identification in the white shrimp Penaeus vannamei. , 2001, European journal of biochemistry.

[9]  L. Schoofs,et al.  Sulfakinins reduce food intake in the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria. , 2000, Journal of insect physiology.

[10]  D. Coates,et al.  Expression and Functional Characterization of aDrosophila Neuropeptide Precursor with Homology to Mammalian Preprotachykinin A* , 2000, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[11]  S. Brunak,et al.  Predicting subcellular localization of proteins based on their N-terminal amino acid sequence. , 2000, Journal of molecular biology.

[12]  M. Williamson,et al.  Molecular cloning and genomic organization of an allatostatin preprohormone from Drosophila melanogaster. , 2000, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[13]  Stephen M. Mount,et al.  The genome sequence of Drosophila melanogaster. , 2000, Science.

[14]  H. Dircksen,et al.  Ecdysis of decapod crustaceans is associated with a dramatic release of crustacean cardioactive peptide into the haemolymph. , 2000, The Journal of experimental biology.

[15]  J. Dow,et al.  Isolation and characterization of a leucokinin-like peptide of Drosophila melanogaster. , 1999, The Journal of experimental biology.

[16]  M. Moniatte,et al.  Differential display of peptides induced during the immune response of Drosophila: a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry study. , 1998, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[17]  J. Broeck,et al.  Peptides in the Locusts, Locusta migratoria and Schistocerca gregaria 1 1 Taken in part from a paper presented at a satellite symposium on Insect Neuropeptides during the Seventh Annual Neuropeptide Conference, February 1–6, 1996, Breckenridge, CO. , 1997, Peptides.

[18]  M. Castro,et al.  Prohormone and proneuropeptide synthesis and secretion. , 1997, Histology and histopathology.

[19]  S. Brunak,et al.  SHORT COMMUNICATION Identification of prokaryotic and eukaryotic signal peptides and prediction of their cleavage sites , 1997 .

[20]  J. Fewell,et al.  Achievement of Thermal Stability by Varying Metabolic Heat Production in Flying Honeybees , 1996, Science.

[21]  J. Bogerd,et al.  Molecular Cloning of Three Distinct cDNAs, Each Encoding a Different Adipokinetic Hormone Precursor, of the Migratory Locust, Locusta migratoria , 1995, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[22]  T. Lee,et al.  Amino acid sequence of CAP2b, an insect cardioacceleratory peptide from the tobacco hawkmoth Manduca sexta , 1995, FEBS letters.

[23]  J. Veenstra.  Isolation and structure of the Drosophila corazonin gene. , 1994, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[24]  T. Mes,et al.  Adipokinetic peptide hormone content and biosynthesis during locust development , 1993, Peptides.

[25]  J. Truman,et al.  Isolation, characterization and expression of the eclosion hormone gene of Drosophila melanogaster. , 1993, European journal of biochemistry.

[26]  S. Shiga,et al.  Pigment‐dispersing hormone‐like peptide in the nervous system of the flies Phormia and Drosophila: Immunocytochemistry and partial characterization , 1993, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[27]  L. Schoofs,et al.  Isolation, identification and synthesis of PDVDHFLRFamide (SchistoFLRFamide) in Locusta migratoria and its association with the male accessory glands, the salivary glands, the heart, and the oviduct , 1993, Peptides.

[28]  T. K. Hayes,et al.  Isolation, identification and synthesis of locustamyoinhibiting peptide (LOM-MIP), a novel biologically active neuropeptide from Locusta migratoria , 1991, Regulatory Peptides.

[29]  T. K. Hayes,et al.  Isolation, primary structure, and synthesis of locustapyrokinin: a myotropic peptide of Locusta migratoria. , 1991, General and comparative endocrinology.

[30]  C. Slaughter,et al.  The fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster contains a novel charged adipokinetic-hormone-family peptide. , 1990, The Biochemical journal.

[31]  J. Veenstra.  Isolation and structure of corazonin, a cardioactive peptide from the American cockroach , 1989, FEBS letters.

[32]  J. Dixon,et al.  Identification and characterization of a Drosophila homologue to the vertebrate neuropeptide cholecystokinin. , 1988, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[33]  P. Taghert,et al.  Isolation and characterization of a Drosophila gene that encodes multiple neuropeptides related to Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 (FMRFamide). , 1988, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[34]  Philip C. Andrews,et al.  Isolation and characterization of a drosophila neuropeptide gene , 1988, Neuron.