POLYURETHANE ELASTOMERS

Polyurethane elastomers are classed [1, 2] as multiblock copolymers whose primary structure comprises soft segments, made up from a diisocyanate and long-chain polyol (chiefly a polyether polyol, polyester polyol or polycarbonate polyol), and hard segments, made up from a diisocyanate and a chain extender (short-chain glycol). In particular, the urethane and/or urea groups in the hard segments of a polyurethane elastomer form a strong physical bridge structure due to their intermolecular interaction from hydrogen bonding. This results in a higher order structure developed by microphase separation of the soft segment phase and hard segment phase. Polyurethanes as a whole, including polyurethane elasto mers, are known by the acronym PUR. In industry, however, the acronyms commonly used for polyurethane elastomers are TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers) and TSU (thermosetting polyurethane elastomers or cast poly urethane elastomers), which are intended to make explicit the method of forming. Figure 1 is a model of the primary structure and higher order structure of a typical polyurethane elastomer.

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