Measurement of Electric Power Quantities and Efficiency in Nonsinusoidal Conditions

The presence of harmonics introduces disturbances and losses in electrical systems that cause malfunctions and inefficiencies. The harmonic emission levels are progressively increasing because of the presence of non linear loads and distributed generation from renewable energy resources. The assessment of the effects on electrical systems is an important goal for modern industries, where the disturbances cause both damages and inefficiencies. According to the Leonardo Power Quality Initiative (LPQI) and to the research by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), poor power quality is estimated to cost the European economy up to €150 billion annually and the U.S. sees losses ranging from $119 billion to $188 billion, when the 80 percent of power-quality disturbances are generated within a facility. These malfunctions and inefficiencies can be reduced with the use of filtering systems, such as series passive filter. To evaluate the impact of filters on disturbances and inefficiencies, several methods were presented, based on the definitions and indications contained in the standards such as the IEEE std 1459. To carry out the necessary measures to understand the effectiveness of the filters, it is possible to use measurements in the time domain which, carried out for limited periods, but with many repetitions, can offer a valid response to the achieved efficiency. Therefore, to correctly evaluate all the values of the harmonic components, as required by the IEEE 1459, it is necessary to carry out very detailed and complex measures, which in the industrial field are difficult to achieve. In these cases, the IEEE 1459 proposes to measure the values associated with the various power components through some approximations that can lead to errors of the order of a few percentage points. Since the effects of a filter can lead to measurements comparable with the approximations introduced by the IEEE 1459, it was necessary to find a new operating mode in order to obtain the requested quantities.In this paper, a method for evaluating the efficiency obtained with the use of a passive filter is presented.

[1]  Doron Shmilovitz,et al.  A review study of instantaneous electric energy transport theories and their novel implementations , 2016 .

[2]  Milton Castro-Nunez,et al.  The IEEE Standard 1459, the CPC Power Theory, and Geometric Algebra in Circuits With Nonsinusoidal Sources and Linear Loads , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers.

[3]  David Renshaw,et al.  IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS) , 1990 .

[4]  Stefano Manetti,et al.  A double neural network for interpretation of the frequency response in the electrical equipments , 2012, 2012 6th IEEE International Conference Intelligent Systems.

[5]  A. E. Emanuel,et al.  On the assessment of harmonic pollution [of power systems] , 1995 .

[6]  Francesco Grasso,et al.  Analisys of complex hospital electrical systems , 2017, 2017 AEIT International Annual Conference.

[7]  Johan Driesen,et al.  The Leonardo power quality initiative (LPQI), an integrated approach towards E-learning in electrical engineering , 2003 .

[8]  A. E. Emanuel,et al.  Practical definitions for powers in systems with nonsinusoidal waveforms and unbalanced loads: a discussion , 1996 .

[9]  Alberto Reatti,et al.  Improvement of Power Flow Analysis based on Currents' Physical Component (CPC) Theory , 2018, 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS).

[10]  Ahmed A. Zaki Diab,et al.  Measurement and analysis of an electric power distribution system with optimal reactive power compensation for improving the power quality. Case study: Middle Egypt region , 2017, 2017 IEEE Conference of Russian Young Researchers in Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EIConRus).

[11]  Antonio Cataliotti,et al.  IEEE Std. 1459 power quantities ratio approaches for simplified harmonic emissions assessment , 2018, 2018 18th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power (ICHQP).

[12]  Carlos A. Canesin,et al.  FPGA-based power meter implementation for three-phase three-wire and four-wire power systems, according to IEEE 1459-2010 standard , 2017, 2017 Brazilian Power Electronics Conference (COBEP).

[13]  Paulo M. Silveira,et al.  Time-domain formulations for apparent power using collective rms and polar coordinates , 2010, Proceedings of 14th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power - ICHQP 2010.

[14]  Alexander Eigeles Emanuel,et al.  Power Definitions and the Physical Mechanism of Power Flow: Emanuel/Power Definitions and the Physical Mechanism of Power Flow , 2010 .

[15]  B. Gutierrez,et al.  Comparative analysis of APF and HPF for utility harmonic compensation , 2015, 2015 9th International Conference on Power Electronics and ECCE Asia (ICPE-ECCE Asia).

[16]  Dimitri Jeltsema,et al.  Budeanu's concept of reactive and distortion power revisited , 2015, 2015 International School on Nonsinusoidal Currents and Compensation (ISNCC).

[17]  Vinayak N. Shet,et al.  Comparative analysis of power quality using wavelets for real time implementation , 2016, 2016 IEEE 7th Power India International Conference (PIICON).

[18]  Francesco Grasso,et al.  New harmonics current mitigation technique in induction motor driving reciprocating compressor , 2015, 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Systems Engineering (ISSE).

[19]  Tianqi Sun,et al.  Relationship between the economic cost and the reliability of the electric power supply system in city: A case in Shanghai of China , 2009 .

[20]  Stefano Manetti,et al.  Improving power quality and efficiency in electrical plants using a three-phase series hybrid passive filter , 2016, 2016 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT).

[21]  Hossein Mokhtari,et al.  Performance evaluation of energy meters in nonsinusoidal environment based on IEEE 1459 standard , 2013 .

[22]  L. S. Czarnecki.  Physical Interpretation of the Reactive Power in Terms of the CPC Power Theory , 2007 .

[23]  Paulo Fernando Ribeiro,et al.  Power measurements under IEEE 1459-2010 standard on a microgrid with renewable sources , 2016, 2016 17th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power (ICHQP).

[24]  P. H. Swart,et al.  On techniques for localization of sources producing distortion in electric power networks , 1994 .

[25]  Jose Carlos Alfonso-Gil,et al.  Measurement System for a Power Quality Improvement Structure Based on IEEE Std.1459 , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.