Efficient Accumulators without Trapdoor Extended Abstracts

In 1994 Benaloh and de Mare introduced the notion of one way accumulators that allow to construct efficient protocols for proving membership in a list and related problems like time stamping and authentication. As required by Benaloh et al. unlike in signature based protocols no central trusted authority is (should be) needed. Accumulator based protocols do further improve on hash tree based protocols for proving membership in a list as verification and storage requirements are independent of the number of items in the list. Benaloh’s et al. accumulator construction was based on exponentiation modulo a RSA modulus N=PQ.

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