Luminance controls the perceived 3-D structure of dynamic 2-D displays.

The accurate three-dimensional (3-D) appearance of two-dimensional (2-D) shadow projections cast by rotating 3-D objects-the kinetic depth effect (KDE)-frequently is used to visualize depth in computer-generated displays representing complex structures. According to current perceptual theories, the addition of simulated linear perspective will prevent illusory reversals of perspective associated with the KDE, due to the geometric fact that the reversed-perspective percept is inconsistent with rigid object rotation. However, the reversed, nonrigid perceptual state can be induced by correlating luminance with the represented nearness of luminous lines, thus overriding geometric cues of form and motion that are supposed to govern the perception of rigid objects in the KDE. This finding complicates theories of 3-D motion perception based on 2-D arrays, but is of practical value in the design of visual displays representing complex 3-D objects.

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