Recommendations for estrogen and progestogen use in peri-and postmenopausal women: October 2004 position statement of The North American Menopause Society.

Recommendations for estrogen and progestogen use in peri-and postmenopausal women: October 2004 position statement of The North American Menopause Society C linical use of estrogens and progestogens in women through and beyond the menopause transition continues to be a source of ongoing debate and confusion. The plethora of new clinical trial data regarding postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) published over the last few years prompted The North American Menopause Society The overall objective of these reports has been to make recommendations to both clinicians and the lay public about the appropriate role of HT for peri-and postmenopausal women. During 2004, the NAMS Board of Trustees convened a third HT Advisory Panel to develop a new report. As with the previous analyses, all relevant published evidence was considered. The 2004 HT Advisory Panel was composed of acknowledged clinical and research experts (both NAMS members and nonmembers) from relevant areas of menopause-related health care, including investigators from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) and other key trials. All Panel members provided disclosure of interests during the past 2 years (presented at the end of the paper). NAMS is grateful to the following individuals who served on the Panel, advising the NAMS Board of Trustees.

[1]  John A. Heit,et al.  Trends in the Incidence of Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism , 2006 .

[2]  S. Salpeter Mortality associated with hormone replacement therapy in younger and older women , 2005, Journal of general internal medicine.

[3]  R. Green,et al.  Postmenopausal hormone therapy and Alzheimer’s disease risk: interaction with age , 2004, Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry.

[4]  B. Howard,et al.  Effect of oestrogen plus progestin on the incidence of diabetes in postmenopausal women: results from the Women’s Health Initiative Hormone Trial , 2004, Diabetologia.

[5]  JoAnn E Manson,et al.  Conjugated equine estrogens and global cognitive function in postmenopausal women: Women's Health Initiative Memory Study. , 2004, JAMA.

[6]  L. Thal,et al.  Conjugated equine estrogens and global cognitive function in postmenopausal women: Women's Health Initiative Memory Study , 2004, JAMA.

[7]  K. Machens,et al.  Estrogen plus progestin and colorectal cancer in postmenopausal women. , 2004, The New England journal of medicine.

[8]  V. Beral,et al.  Fracture incidence in relation to the pattern of use of hormone therapy in postmenopausal women. , 2004, JAMA.

[9]  S. Kipersztok,et al.  Bioidentical hormone therapy: a review , 2004, Menopause.

[10]  C. Dunton,et al.  Endometrial Hyperplasia: A Review , 2004, Obstetrical & gynecological survey.

[11]  C. Christiansen,et al.  Two to three years of hormone replacement treatment in healthy women have long-term preventive effects on bone mass and osteoporotic fractures: the PERF study. , 2004, Bone.

[12]  R. Lobo Evaluation of cardiovascular event rates with hormone therapy in healthy, early postmenopausal women: results from 2 large clinical trials. , 2004, Archives of internal medicine.

[13]  I. Katz,et al.  Lack of efficacy of estradiol for depression in postmenopausal women: a randomized, controlled trial , 2004, Biological Psychiatry.

[14]  F. Grodstein,et al.  Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy and Risk of Developing Urinary Incontinence , 2004, Obstetrics and gynecology.

[15]  L. Plouffe,et al.  Transition From Estrogen–Progestin to Raloxifene in Postmenopausal Women: Effect on Vasomotor Symptoms , 2004, Obstetrics and gynecology.

[16]  R. Stafford,et al.  National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy: annual trends and response to recent evidence. , 2004, JAMA.

[17]  C. Chilvers,et al.  Post menopausal hormone replacement therapy and risk of acute myocardial infarction--a case control study of women in the East Midlands, UK. , 2003, European heart journal.

[18]  C. Reuben,et al.  Prevalence of Estrogen or Estrogen–Progestin Hormone Therapy Use , 2003, Obstetrics and gynecology.

[19]  B. Ettinger,et al.  Effect of the Women's Health Initiative on Women's Decisions to Discontinue Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy , 2003, Obstetrics and gynecology.

[20]  I. Yeh,et al.  Endometrial effects of lower doses of conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate: two-year substudy results. , 2003, Fertility and sterility.

[21]  R. Langer,et al.  Influence of estrogen plus progestin on breast cancer and mammography in healthy postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Trial. , 2003, JAMA.

[22]  A. LaCroix,et al.  Effects of estrogen plus progestin on risk of fracture and bone mineral density: the Women's Health Initiative randomized trial. , 2003, JAMA.

[23]  Denis A. Evans,et al.  A population-based longitudinal study of cognitive functioning in the menopausal transition , 2003, Neurology.

[24]  E. Barrett-Connor,et al.  Recency and duration of postmenopausal hormone therapy: effects on bone mineral density and fracture risk in the National Osteoporosis Risk Assessment (NORA) study , 2003, Menopause.

[25]  M. Kulldorff,et al.  Ultralow-dose micronized 17beta-estradiol and bone density and bone metabolism in older women: a randomized controlled trial. , 2003, JAMA.

[26]  E. Oger,et al.  Differential association of oral and transdermal oestrogen-replacement therapy with venous thromboembolism risk , 2003, The Lancet.

[27]  P. Porter,et al.  Relationship between long durations and different regimens of hormone therapy and risk of breast cancer. , 2003, JAMA.

[28]  J. Manson,et al.  Effect of estrogen plus progestin on global cognitive function in postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study: a randomized controlled trial. , 2003, JAMA.

[29]  C. Kooperberg,et al.  Effect of estrogen plus progestin on stroke in postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative: a randomized trial. , 2003, JAMA.

[30]  Robert B Wallace,et al.  Estrogen plus progestin and the incidence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study: a randomized controlled trial. , 2003, JAMA.

[31]  W. Mack,et al.  Does elevated body mass modify the influence of postmenopausal estrogen replacement on atherosclerosis progression: results from the estrogen in the prevention of atherosclerosis trial. , 2003, Atherosclerosis.

[32]  H. Olsson,et al.  Hormone replacement therapy containing progestins and given continuously increases breast carcinoma risk in Sweden , 2003, Cancer.

[33]  K. Matthews,et al.  Hypoestrogenemia of hypothalamic origin and coronary artery disease in premenopausal women: a report from the NHLBI-sponsored WISE study. , 2003, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[34]  Albert Hofman,et al.  Higher estrogen levels are not associated with larger hippocampi and better memory performance. , 2003, Archives of neurology.

[35]  A. Karter,et al.  Current Use of Unopposed Estrogen and Estrogen Plus Progestin and the Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction Among Women With Diabetes: The Northern California Kaiser Permanente Diabetes Registry, 1995–1998 , 2003, Circulation.

[36]  M. Stampfer,et al.  Estrogen and progestogen use in peri- and postmenopausal women: September 2003 position statement of The North American Menopause Society. , 2003, Menopause.

[37]  J. Hsia,et al.  Effects of hormone replacement therapy and antioxidant vitamin supplements on coronary atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. , 2002, JAMA.

[38]  S. Greenspan,et al.  Significant Differential Effects of Alendronate, Estrogen, or Combination Therapy on the Rate of Bone Loss after Discontinuation of Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis , 2002, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[39]  P. Wingo,et al.  Hormone Replacement Therapy Regimens and Breast Cancer Risk , 2002 .

[40]  Brenda L Plassman,et al.  Hormone replacement therapy and incidence of Alzheimer disease in older women: the Cache County Study. , 2002, JAMA.

[41]  E. Barrett-Connor,et al.  Effect of postmenopausal hormone therapy on cognitive function: the Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study. , 2002, The American journal of medicine.

[42]  J. Gallagher,et al.  Effect of discontinuation of estrogen, calcitriol, and the combination of both on bone density and bone markers. , 2002, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[43]  E. Vittinghoff,et al.  Noncardiovascular Disease Outcomes During 6.8 Years of Hormone Therapy: Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study Follow-Up (HERS II) , 2002 .

[44]  R. Lindsay,et al.  Effect of lower doses of conjugated equine estrogens with and without medroxyprogesterone acetate on bone in early postmenopausal women. , 2002, JAMA.

[45]  T. Key,et al.  Endogenous sex hormones and breast cancer in postmenopausal women: reanalysis of nine prospective studies. , 2002, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[46]  E. Barrett-Connor,et al.  Bone mass response to discontinuation of long-term hormone replacement therapy: results from the Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) Safety Follow-up Study. , 2002, Archives of internal medicine.

[47]  M. Hammar,et al.  Low dose transdermal estradiol/norethisterone acetate treatment over 2 years does not cause endometrial proliferation in postmenopausal women , 2002, Menopause.

[48]  Y. Ouchi,et al.  Effects of long-term and reduced-dose hormone replacement therapy on endothelial function and intima-media thickness in postmenopausal women , 2002, Menopause.

[49]  G. Guyatt,et al.  Meta-analyses of therapies for postmenopausal osteoporosis. V. Meta-analysis of the efficacy of hormone replacement therapy in treating and preventing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. , 2002, Endocrine reviews.

[50]  G. Bachmann,et al.  Relief of Vasomotor Symptoms and Vaginal Atrophy With Lower Doses of Conjugated Equine Estrogens and Medroxyprogesterone Acetate , 2001 .

[51]  D. Schneider,et al.  Effects of lower doses of conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate on endometrial bleeding. , 2001, Fertility and sterility.

[52]  C. Viscoli,et al.  A clinical trial of estrogen-replacement therapy after ischemic stroke. , 2001, The New England journal of medicine.

[53]  J. Hsia,et al.  Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy and Risk of Stroke: The Heart and Estrogen-progestin Replacement Study (HERS) , 2001, Circulation.

[54]  S. Störk,et al.  Effect of Oral Postmenopausal Hormone Replacement on Progression of Atherosclerosis: A Randomized, Controlled Trial , 2001, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

[55]  A. Maclennan,et al.  Oral oestrogen replacement therapy versus placebo for hot flushes. , 2001, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[56]  S. Störk,et al.  Hormone replacement therapy and distensibility of carotid arteries in postmenopausal women: a randomized, controlled trial. , 2000, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[57]  J. Hsia,et al.  Peripheral Arterial Disease in Randomized Trial of Estrogen With Progestin in Women With Coronary Heart Disease: The Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study , 2000, Circulation.

[58]  V. Hasselblad,et al.  Hormone replacement therapy and the risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis , 1998, Obstetrics and gynecology.

[59]  F. Grodstein,et al.  Postmenopausal hormone therapy and the risk of colorectal cancer: a review and meta-analysis , 1999 .

[60]  R. Boyd,et al.  Efficacy and Local Tolerance of a Low‐Dose, 7‐Day Matrix Estradiol Transdermal System in the Treatment of Menopausal Vasomotor Symptoms , 1996, Obstetrics and gynecology.

[61]  J. Manson,et al.  Postmenopausal estrogen and progestin use and the risk of cardiovascular disease. , 1996, The New England journal of medicine.

[62]  A. Maclennan,et al.  Colorectal cancer and oestrogen replacement therapy: A meta‐analysis of epidemiological studies , 1995, The Medical journal of Australia.