Ultra-flexible Piezoelectric Devices Integrated with Heart to Harvest the Biomechanical Energy

Power supply for medical implantable devices (i.e. pacemaker) always challenges not only the surgery but also the battery technology. Here, we report a strategy for energy harvesting from the heart motion by using ultra-flexible piezoelectric device based on lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics that has most excellent piezoelectricity in commercial materials, without any burden or damage to hearts. Experimental swine are selected for in vivo test with different settings, i.e. opened chest, close chest and awake from anesthesia, to simulate the scenario of application in body due to their hearts similar to human. The results show the peak-to-peak voltage can reach as high as 3 V when the ultra-flexible piezoelectric device is fixed from left ventricular apex to right ventricle. This demonstrates the possibility and feasibility of fully using the biomechanical energy from heart motion in human body for sustainably driving implantable devices.

[1]  Rangarajan Jegadeesan,et al.  A study on the inductive power links for implantable biomedical devices , 2010, 2010 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium.

[2]  John A Rogers,et al.  Competing fracture in kinetically controlled transfer printing. , 2007, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[3]  John A. Rogers,et al.  Experiments and viscoelastic analysis of peel test with patterned strips for applications to transfer printing , 2013 .

[4]  P. Cohn,et al.  Left ventricular end-systolic pressure-dimension and stress-length relations in normal human subjects. , 1979, The American journal of cardiology.

[5]  John A Rogers,et al.  Interfacial chemistries for nanoscale transfer printing. , 2002, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[6]  Sang‐Jae Kim,et al.  Growth of 2D ZnO Nanowall for Energy Harvesting Application , 2014 .

[7]  Wei Wang,et al.  r-Shaped hybrid nanogenerator with enhanced piezoelectricity. , 2013, ACS nano.

[8]  Zhong Lin Wang,et al.  Nanotechnology-enabled energy harvesting for self-powered micro-/nanosystems. , 2012, Angewandte Chemie.

[9]  J. Feagin,et al.  Behavior of sutures used in anterior cruciate ligament reconstructive surgery , 2005, Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy.

[10]  J. A. Hoffer,et al.  Biomechanical Energy Harvesting: Generating Electricity During Walking with Minimal User Effort , 2008, Science.

[11]  M. Cerqueira,et al.  Standardized myocardial segmentation and nomenclature for tomographic imaging of the heart. A statement for healthcare professionals from the Cardiac Imaging Committee of the Council on Clinical Cardiology of the American Heart Association. , 2002, Circulation.

[12]  M. Cerqueira,et al.  Standardized myocardial segmentation and nomenclature for tomographic imaging of the heart: A statement for healthcare professionals from the Cardiac Imaging Committee of the Council on Clinical Cardiology of the American Heart Association , 2002, The international journal of cardiovascular imaging.

[13]  Yonggang Huang,et al.  Transfer printing by kinetic control of adhesion to an elastomeric stamp , 2006 .

[14]  P. Chapman,et al.  Evaluation of motions and actuation methods for biomechanical energy harvesting , 2004, 2004 IEEE 35th Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37551).

[15]  Diana Hodgins,et al.  Healthy Aims: Developing New Medical Implants and Diagnostic Equipment , 2008, IEEE Pervasive Computing.

[16]  Sang-Jae Kim,et al.  Fabrication of a ZnO nanogenerator for eco-friendly biomechanical energy harvesting , 2013 .

[17]  Raziel Riemer,et al.  Biomechanical energy harvesting from human motion: theory, state of the art, design guidelines, and future directions , 2011, Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation.

[18]  Guang Zhu,et al.  Converting biomechanical energy into electricity by a muscle-movement-driven nanogenerator. , 2009, Nano letters.

[19]  Jian Shi,et al.  PVDF microbelts for harvesting energy from respiration , 2011 .

[20]  Zhong Lin Wang,et al.  Human skin based triboelectric nanogenerators for harvesting biomechanical energy and as self-powered active tactile sensor system. , 2013, ACS nano.

[21]  Inderjit Chopra,et al.  Review of State of Art of Smart Structures and Integrated Systems , 2002 .

[22]  John A Rogers,et al.  Conformal piezoelectric energy harvesting and storage from motions of the heart, lung, and diaphragm , 2014, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[23]  Dimitris N. Metaxas,et al.  In vivo strain and stress estimation of the heart left and right ventricles from MRI images , 2003, Medical Image Anal..

[24]  A E Becker,et al.  Left ventricular fibre architecture in man. , 1981, British heart journal.

[25]  Michael C. McAlpine,et al.  Biotemplated synthesis of PZT nanowires. , 2013, Nano letters.

[26]  Reid R. Harrison,et al.  Designing Efficient Inductive Power Links for Implantable Devices , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems.

[27]  Marek Belohlavek,et al.  Left ventricular structure and function: basic science for cardiac imaging. , 2006, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[28]  Qingguo Li,et al.  Biomechanical energy harvesting , 2009, 2009 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium.

[29]  Ray-Hua Horng,et al.  Fabrication of an Ultra-Flexible ZnO Nanogenerator for Harvesting Energy from Respiration , 2013 .

[30]  Yong-Xin Guo,et al.  Topology Selection and Efficiency Improvement of Inductive Power Links , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[31]  H. Torp,et al.  Myocardial Strain by Doppler Echocardiography: Validation of a New Method to Quantify Regional Myocardial Function , 2000, Circulation.