Limitations in processing resources and speech monitoring

The present study examined effects of limitations in processing resources on error detection in self-produced and other-produced speech by means of a dual task paradigm. It has been suggested that error detection proceeds through perception, referred to as perceptual loop monitoring. As perceptual loop monitoring is an attentional function, it can be regarded as resource limited. In Experiment 1, subjects produced descriptions of visually presented networks, with and without simultaneously generating random sequences of finger taps. In Experiment 2, subjects detected errors in the speech of others, also with and without random generation. In both experiments a small percentage of errors was intercepted in the dual task situation, which suggest that monitoring is indeed resource limited. However, in the dual task condition of Experiment 1 errors were interrupted earlier, whereas in Experiment 2 the error detection time was delayed. The earlier interruptions in Experiment 1 could be the result of a shift to the prearticulatory monitoring channel.

[1]  Bernard J. Baars,et al.  Syntactic criteria in prearticulatory editing: Evidence from laboratory-induced slips of the tongue , 1981 .

[2]  W. Levelt,et al.  Monitoring the Time Course of Phonological Encoding , 1995 .

[3]  W. Levelt,et al.  Monitoring and self-repair in speech , 1983, Cognition.

[4]  W D M A R S L E N-W I L S O N A N,et al.  Central processes in speech understanding , 2004 .

[5]  C C Oomen,et al.  Effects of Time Pressure on Mechanisms of Speech Production and Self-Monitoring , 2001, Journal of psycholinguistic research.

[6]  G. Kempen,et al.  A dual system for producing self-repairs in spontaneous speech: Evidence from experimentally elicited corrections , 1987, Cognitive Psychology.

[7]  H. H. Clark,et al.  Repeating Words in Spontaneous Speech , 1998, Cognitive Psychology.

[8]  N. Martin,et al.  Variables influencing the occurrence of naming errors: Implications for models of lexical retrieval☆ , 1989 .

[9]  R. Harris,et al.  The effect of divided attention on speech production , 1992 .

[10]  A. Baddeley,et al.  Working Memory and Language , 2018, Working Memories.

[11]  M. Just,et al.  From the SelectedWorks of Marcel Adam Just 1992 A capacity theory of comprehension : Individual differences in working memory , 2017 .

[12]  H. Pashler.  Dual-task interference in simple tasks: data and theory. , 1994, Psychological bulletin.

[13]  F. Goldman-Eisler.  Psycholinguistics: Experiments in spontaneous speech , 1968 .

[14]  A. Postma.  Detection of errors during speech production: a review of speech monitoring models , 2000, Cognition.

[15]  Nicholas Christenfeld.  Options and UMS , 1994 .

[16]  G. Dell,et al.  Language production and serial order: a functional analysis and a model. , 1997, Psychological review.

[17]  Frieda Goldman Eisler.  Psycholinguistics : experiments in spontaneous speech , 1968 .

[18]  H. Gross.  Errors in Linguistic Performance: Slips of the Tongue, Ear, Pen, and Hand , 1983 .

[19]  A. Postma,et al.  Production and Detection of Speech Errors in Silent, Mouthed, Noise-Masked, and Normal Auditory Feedback Speech , 1996 .

[20]  B. Keysar,et al.  When do speakers take into account common ground? , 1996, Cognition.

[21]  Trevor A. Harley,et al.  Phonological activation of semantic competitors during lexical access in speech production , 1993 .

[22]  Walter Schneider,et al.  Controlled and automatic human information processing: II. Perceptual learning, automatic attending and a general theory. , 1977 .

[23]  H. Kolk,et al.  The covert repair hypothesis: prearticulatory repair processes in normal and stuttered disfluencies. , 1993, Journal of speech and hearing research.

[24]  B. Baars,et al.  Covert formulation and editing of anomalies in speech production: Evidence from experimentally elicited slips of the tongue , 1982 .

[25]  F. J. Evans,et al.  Monitoring attention deployment by random number generation: An index to measure subjective randomness , 1978 .

[26]  W. Huber,et al.  “Prepairs” and repairs: Different monitoring functions in aphasic language production , 1987, Brain and Language.

[27]  C C Oomen,et al.  Effects of divided attention on the production of filled pauses and repetitions. , 2001, Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR.

[28]  Robert J. Hartsuiker,et al.  Error Monitoring in Speech Production: A Computational Test of the Perceptual Loop Theory , 2001, Cognitive Psychology.

[29]  Elizabeth R. Blacfkmer,et al.  Theories of monitoring and the timing of repairs in spontaneous speech , 1991, Cognition.

[30]  W. Levelt,et al.  Speaking: From Intention to Articulation , 1990 .

[31]  M. Garrett.  Levels of processing in sentence production , 1980 .

[32]  K. Heilman,et al.  Attention and anosognosia , 1995, Neurology.

[33]  Willem J. M. Levelt,et al.  A theory of lexical access in speech production , 1999, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

[34]  G. Waters,et al.  Verbal working memory and sentence comprehension , 1999, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

[35]  J. Laver.  THE DETECTION AND CORRECTION OF SLIPS OF THE TONGUE , 1984 .

[36]  Edward J. Sabin,et al.  Development of temporal patterning and vocal hesitations in spontaneous narratives , 1975 .

[37]  K. Heilman,et al.  Lack of Error Awareness in an Aphasic Patient with Relatively Preserved Auditory Comprehension , 1994, Brain and Language.

[38]  A Baddeley,et al.  Random Generation and the Executive Control of Working Memory , 1998, The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology.

[39]  H. Kolk,et al.  The effects of noise masking and required accuracy on speech errors, disfluencies, and self-repairs. , 1992, Journal of speech and hearing research.

[40]  David Caplan,et al.  Syntactic Processing in Sentence Comprehension Under Dual-task Conditions in Aphasic Patients , 1996 .

[41]  A. Baddeley.  Exploring the Central Executive , 1996 .

[42]  S Brédart.  Word interruption in self-repairing , 1991, Journal of psycholinguistic research.