Railway noise propagation models

Abstract In this paper is presented a model to calculate the sound event level and thereby the energy equivalent level for short-distance railway noise propagation in a town. A model of the ground effects on the propagation from line sources, regarded as an incoherent superposition of point sources, is presented and discussed for spherical and directional sources. The influences of ground effects are calculated for short distances (15 m) and for an intermediate distance (≈50 m) and are compared with frequency dependent measurements. For intermediate and long-distance railway noise propagation the sound event and the maximum sound levels are derived and calculated for spherical and directional sources. The calculations of the radiation characteristics are compared with short distance measurements of different kinds of trains, and the frequency dependent results are displayed.

[1]  J. Wempen,et al.  An FFT-Based, High Resolution Measuring Technique with Application to Outdoor Ground Impedance at Grazing Incidence , 1986 .

[2]  W. Porada.  Model measurements on noise screening of line sources by single and double barriers , 1975 .

[3]  J Lang.  A MODEL TO CALCULATE RAILWAY NOISE , 1989 .

[4]  E. J. Rathé,et al.  Railway noise propagation , 1977 .

[5]  D. H. Cato,et al.  Prediction of environmental noise from fast electric trains , 1976 .

[6]  Ulrich J. Kurze,et al.  Noise reduction by barriers , 1973 .

[7]  E. N. Bazley,et al.  Acoustical properties of fibrous absorbent materials , 1970 .

[8]  J. E. Piercy,et al.  Effective flow resistivity of ground surfaces determined by acoustical measurements , 1983 .

[9]  H. Jonasson.  Diffraction by wedges of finite acoustic impedance with applications to depressed roads , 1972 .

[10]  Zyun-iti Maekawa,et al.  Noise reduction by screens , 1968 .

[11]  K. Attenborough.  Acoustical impedance models for outdoor ground surfaces , 1985 .

[12]  K. Attenborough.  Predicted ground effect for highway noise , 1982 .

[13]  P. J. Remington.  Wheel/rail rolling noise: What do we know? What don't we know? Where do we go from here? , 1988 .

[14]  U. Kurze,et al.  SOUND ATTENUATION BY BARRIERS , 1971 .

[15]  J. Lang.  Ground-borne vibrations caused by trams, and control measures , 1988 .

[16]  Louis F. Cohn,et al.  A Review of Studies of Insertion Loss Degradation for Parallel Highway Noise Barriers , 1987 .

[17]  Z. Maekawa,et al.  Noise control by barriers—Part 1: Noise reduction by a thick barrier , 1977 .

[18]  Ml Munjal,et al.  Some mechanisms of excitation of a railway wheel , 1982 .

[19]  E. J. Rathé.  Note on two common problems of sound propagation , 1969 .

[20]  S. Peters.  THE PREDICTION OF RAILWAY NOISE PROFILES , 1974 .

[21]  Z. Maekawa,et al.  A simple chart for the estimation of the attenuation by a wedge diffraction , 1985 .