Evaluation of the use of clinical decision support and online resources for pharmacogenomics education.

AIM To assess impact and value of using clinical decision support (CDS) to drive providers toward online pharmacogenomics education. MATERIALS & METHODS CDS was used to target prescribers of codeine/tramadol, send an educational email, display alert/inbox and provide links to an online resource. Providers were surveyed to assess impact. RESULTS Of the methods used to target providers, educational email was more effective (7.2%). Survey response rate was 29.2% (n = 528/1817). Of respondents, 57.4% reported opening the email and 27.1% accessed the online resource. Of those accessing the resource, 89% found it useful and learned something new about pharmacogenomics. CONCLUSION The impact of using CDS to target pharmacogenomics education was limited. However, providers accessing the online resource found it useful and educational.

[1]  Jeremy M. Grimshaw,et al.  Changing Provider Behavior: An Overview of Systematic Reviews of Interventions , 2001, Medical care.

[2]  Kristi J. Sorensen,et al.  A Comprehensive Information Technology System to Support Physician Learning at the Point of Care , 2015, Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges.

[3]  J. Zapka,et al.  The Use of Clinical Decision‐Support Tools to Facilitate Geriatric Education , 2012, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[4]  Jeremy M Grimshaw,et al.  Changing physicians' behavior: what works and thoughts on getting more things to work. , 2002, The Journal of continuing education in the health professions.

[5]  W Burke,et al.  Primary care physicians' knowledge of and experience with pharmacogenetic testing , 2012, Clinical genetics.

[6]  R. Weinshilboum,et al.  Challenges in Implementing Genomic Medicine: The Mayo Clinic Center for Individualized Medicine , 2013, Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics.

[7]  Christopher G Chute,et al.  Preemptive genotyping for personalized medicine: design of the right drug, right dose, right time-using genomic data to individualize treatment protocol. , 2014, Mayo Clinic proceedings.

[8]  Shashi Amur,et al.  Pharmacogenomic Biomarker Information in Drug Labels Approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration: Prevalence of Related Drug Use , 2008, Pharmacotherapy.

[9]  C. Havens,et al.  Facilitating physician access to medical reference information. , 2005, The Permanente journal.

[10]  David A. Cook,et al.  Features of Effective Medical Knowledge Resources to Support Point of Care Learning: A Focus Group Study , 2013, PloS one.

[11]  Joan Scott,et al.  Preparing health professionals for individualized medicine. , 2012, Personalized medicine.

[12]  ChanMin Kim,et al.  Using email to enable e3 (effective, efficient, and engaging) learning , 2008 .

[13]  E. Passamani,et al.  Educational Challenges in Implementing Genomic Medicine , 2013, Clinical pharmacology and therapy.

[14]  K. J. Johansen Taber,et al.  Pharmacogenomic knowledge gaps and educational resource needs among physicians in selected specialties , 2014, Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine.

[15]  R. Weinshilboum,et al.  Pharmacogenomics: bench to bedside , 2004, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery.

[16]  Dean F. Sittig,et al.  How to Design Computerized Alerts to Ensure Safe Prescribing Practices , 2004 .

[17]  E. Green,et al.  Leading the way to genomic medicine , 2014, American journal of medical genetics. Part C, Seminars in medical genetics.

[18]  E. Clayton,et al.  Operational Implementation of Prospective Genotyping for Personalized Medicine: The Design of the Vanderbilt PREDICT Project , 2012, Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics.

[19]  Pierre Pluye,et al.  Evaluation of email alerts in practice: Part 2. Validation of the information assessment method. , 2010, Journal of evaluation in clinical practice.

[20]  Pierre Pluye,et al.  Physician assessments of the value of therapeutic information delivered via e-mail. , 2014, Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien.

[21]  R. Verbrugge,et al.  Adoption of Pharmacogenomic Testing by US Physicians: Results of a Nationwide Survey , 2012, Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics.

[22]  C. Formea,et al.  Development and Evaluation of a Pharmacogenomics Educational Program for Pharmacists , 2013, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education.

[23]  Shawneequa L. Callier,et al.  Engaging the next generation of healthcare professionals in genomics: planning for the future. , 2014, Personalized medicine.

[24]  M. Guyer,et al.  Charting a course for genomic medicine from base pairs to bedside , 2011, Nature.

[25]  G. Kuo,et al.  Implementation and outcomes of a live continuing education program on pharmacogenomics. , 2013, Pharmacogenomics.

[26]  Genomics Education for Nurses in Practice , 2004, Journal for nurses in staff development : JNSD : official journal of the National Nursing Staff Development Organization.

[27]  David W. Bates,et al.  Reducing the frequency of errors in medicine using information technology. , 2001, Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA.

[28]  Jeanette J McCarthy,et al.  Genomic Medicine: A Decade of Successes, Challenges, and Opportunities , 2013, Science Translational Medicine.

[29]  N J Cox,et al.  The 1200 Patients Project: Creating a New Medical Model System for Clinical Implementation of Pharmacogenomics , 2012, Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics.

[30]  Pierre Pluye,et al.  Evaluation of email alerts in practice: Part 1. Review of the literature on clinical emailing channels. , 2010, Journal of evaluation in clinical practice.

[31]  Johanna I. Westbrook,et al.  Research Paper: Do clinicians use online evidence to support patient care? a study of 55, 000 clinicians , 2003, J. Am. Medical Informatics Assoc..