Catheter-associated bloodstream infection caused by Leifsonia aquatica in a haemodialysis patient: a case report.

Leifsonia aquatica is an aquatic coryneform rod that is capable of forming biofilms in environmental water sources. It has rarely been associated with human infections and its pathogenicity and clinical significance are uncertain. We describe a case of catheter-related bloodstream infection in a haemodialysis patient. The isolate grew on conventional media as a yellow-pigmented colony, but identification required molecular methods. Although the strain displayed reduced sensitivity to vancomycin, the clinical outcome was favourable after catheter removal and intravenous treatment with this antibiotic. Our report gives further evidence of the capability of this aquatic bacterium to cause human infection.

[1]  E. Leifson.  The Bacterial Flora of Distilled and Stored Water. III. new species of the genera Corynebacterium, Flavobacterium, Spirillum and Pseudomonas , 1962 .

[2]  D. Beckwith,et al.  Isolation of Corynebacterium aquaticum from spinal fluid of an infant with meningitis , 1986, Journal of clinical microbiology.

[3]  W. Ludwig,et al.  Case of fatal systemic infection with an Aureobacterium sp.: identification of isolate by 16S rRNA gene analysis , 1996, Journal of clinical microbiology.

[4]  K. Bernard,et al.  Clinical microbiology of coryneform bacteria , 1997, Clinical microbiology reviews.

[5]  M. Takeuchi,et al.  Union of the genera Microbacterium Orla-Jensen and Aureobacterium Collins et al. in a redefined genus Microbacterium. , 1998, International journal of systematic bacteriology.

[6]  R. Ratcliff,et al.  Aureobacterium masquerading as 'Corynebacterium aquaticum' infection: case report and review of the literature. , 1999, Journal of medical microbiology.

[7]  K. Komagata,et al.  Leifsonia gen. nov., a genus for 2,4-diaminobutyric acid-containing actinomycetes to accommodate "Corynebacterium aquaticum" Leifson 1962 and Clavibacter xyli subsp. cynodontis Davis et al. 1984. , 1999, The Journal of general and applied microbiology.

[8]  C. Brun-Buisson,et al.  Diagnosis of catheter-related bacteraemia: a prospective comparison of the time to positivity of hub-blood versus peripheral-blood cultures , 1999, The Lancet.

[9]  M. Vaneechoutte,et al.  Isolation of Moraxella canis from an Ulcerated Metastatic Lymph Node , 2000, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[10]  S. Edberg,et al.  Endocarditis Caused by Culture-Negative Organisms Visible by Brown and Brenn Staining: Utility of PCR and DNA Sequencing for Diagnosis , 2001, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[11]  K. Urdahl,et al.  PCR and sequencing of independent genetic targets for the diagnosis of culture negative bacterial endocarditis. , 2001, Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease.

[12]  R. M. Donlan,et al.  Biofilms and device-associated infections. , 2001, Emerging infectious diseases.

[13]  P. Woo,et al.  Catheter-Related Microbacterium Bacteremia Identified by 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing , 2002, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[14]  G. Perrière,et al.  BIBI, a Bioinformatics Bacterial Identification Tool , 2003, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[15]  A. McBain,et al.  Coaggregation between freshwater bacteria within biofilm and planktonic communities. , 2003, FEMS microbiology letters.

[16]  E. Goldstein,et al.  In Vitro Activities of Daptomycin, Vancomycin, Quinupristin- Dalfopristin, Linezolid, and Five Other Antimicrobials against 307 Gram-Positive Anaerobic and 31 Corynebacterium Clinical Isolates , 2003, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

[17]  M. Nei,et al.  Prospects for inferring very large phylogenies by using the neighbor-joining method. , 2004, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[18]  A. Limido,et al.  [From the Mailing List SIN: Epidemic of infections caused by 'aquatic' bacteria in patients undergoing hemodialysis via central venous catheters]. , 2005, Giornale italiano di nefrologia : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di nefrologia.

[19]  M. Ullian,et al.  Peritonitis with multiple rare environmental bacteria in a patient receiving long-term peritoneal dialysis. , 2005, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[20]  M. Exner,et al.  Prevention and control of health care-associated waterborne infections in health care facilities. , 2005, American journal of infection control.

[21]  M. Almuzara,et al.  [Evaluation of API Coryne System, version 2.0, for diphteroid gram-positive rods identification with clinical relevance]. , 2006, Revista Argentina de microbiologia.

[22]  F. Grimont,et al.  Interstitial pulmonary inflammation due to Microbacterium sp. after heart transplantation. , 2006, Journal of medical microbiology.

[23]  P. Berche,et al.  Rapid Identification of Staphylococci Isolated in Clinical Microbiology Laboratories by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry , 2007, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[24]  M. Nei,et al.  MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. , 2007, Molecular biology and evolution.

[25]  W. Phelps,et al.  Passage ofCorynebacterium aquaticum through membrane filters , 1980, In Vitro.

[26]  D. Allan,et al.  Identification of bacteria on the surface of clinically infected and non-infected prosthetic hip joints removed during revision arthroplasties by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and by microbiological culture , 2007, Arthritis research & therapy.

[27]  B. C. Lee,et al.  Central venous catheter-associated Leifsonia aquatica bacteremia in a hemodialysis-dependent patient. , 2008, Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease.

[28]  S. Dastager,et al.  Leifsonia kribbensis sp. nov., isolated from soil. , 2009, International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology.

[29]  James R. Cole,et al.  The Ribosomal Database Project: improved alignments and new tools for rRNA analysis , 2008, Nucleic Acids Res..

[30]  E. Claas,et al.  High-Throughput Identification of Bacteria and Yeast by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry in Conventional Medical Microbiology Laboratories , 2010, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[31]  T. Maier,et al.  Identification of Francisella tularensis by Whole-Cell Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry: Fast, Reliable, Robust, and Cost-Effective Differentiation on Species and Subspecies Levels , 2010, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[32]  Robin Patel,et al.  Comparison of Bruker Biotyper Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer to BD Phoenix Automated Microbiology System for Identification of Gram-Negative Bacilli , 2011, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[33]  J. Aguado,et al.  High vancomycin MIC and complicated methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. , 2011, Emerging infectious diseases.

[34]  K. Bernard,et al.  Coryneform Gram-Positive Rods , 2011 .

[35]  W. Wade,et al.  Facultative methylotrophs from the human oral cavity and methylotrophy in strains of Gordonia, Leifsonia, and Microbacterium , 2011, Archives of Microbiology.