Delivering for aphasia

Providing a quality service for people with aphasia is a primary goal of speech-language pathologists working with neurogenic communication disorders. This paper reviews what is known about the incidence and prevalence of aphasia and what services are provided for people with aphasia. On the basis of the stroke data, the incidence of aphasia in the developed world ranges between 0.02–0.06% with prevalence ranging between 0.1–0.4%. Average hours of treatment for aphasic people in the developed world ranges between 1–5 hours per week, with a great deal of variability, although recent research suggests that intense treatment of ∼9 hours per week over a relatively short period is needed in order to be effective. It is concluded that there is a significant gap between what the research suggests is the appropriate amount of treatment and actual provision throughout the English-speaking world.

[1]  E. Laws,et al.  The incidence, causes, and secular trends of head trauma in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1935–1974 , 1980, Neurology.

[2]  Laura L. Murray,et al.  Review Attention and aphasia: theory, research and clinical implications , 1999 .

[3]  B Hallowell,et al.  A multinational comparison of aphasia management practices. , 2000, International journal of language & communication disorders.

[4]  P. Enderby,et al.  An analysis of referrals to speech and language therapy in 11 centres, 1987-95. , 2000, International journal of language & communication disorders.

[5]  M. Rawlins De testimonio: on the evidence for decisions about the use of therapeutic interventions , 2008, The Lancet.

[6]  Commentary: Carving the Cognitive Chicken , 1989 .

[7]  R. Philipp,et al.  Speech and language handicap: towards knowing the size of the problem. , 1986, The British journal of disorders of communication.

[8]  R. Tate,et al.  The methodological quality of aphasia therapy research: An investigation of group studies using the PsycBITETM evidence‐based practice database , 2009 .

[9]  G. Waters,et al.  Verbal working memory and sentence comprehension , 1999, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

[10]  P. Enderby,et al.  Has aphasia therapy been swallowed up? , 2002, Clinical Rehabilitation.

[11]  K. Shadan,et al.  Available online: , 2012 .

[12]  P. Enderby Microcomputers in Assessment, Rehabilitation and Recreation , 1987 .

[13]  S. Kiebel,et al.  Training-induced brain plasticity in aphasia. , 1999, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[14]  F. Pulvermüller,et al.  Aphasia therapy on a neuroscience basis , 2008, Aphasiology.

[15]  A. John Therapy outcome measures: Where are we now? , 2011, International journal of speech-language pathology.

[16]  P. Enderby,et al.  Treatment of acquired aphasia: speech therapists and volunteers compared. , 1982, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[17]  P. Enderby,et al.  Does Speech and Language Therapy Work , 1995 .

[18]  F. Gutzwiller,et al.  Epidemiology of Aphasia Attributable to First Ischemic Stroke: Incidence, Severity, Fluency, Etiology, and Thrombolysis , 2006, Stroke.

[19]  D. O’Neill,et al.  Stroke Presentation and Hospital Management: Comparison of Neighboring Healthcare Systems With Differing Health Policies , 2009, Stroke.

[20]  J. Law,et al.  The incidence of cases of aphasia following first stroke referred to speech and language therapy services in Scotland , 2009 .

[21]  Antje S. Meyer,et al.  Automaticity and control in Language Processing , 2007 .

[22]  K. Mahoney,et al.  A meta-analysis of word-finding treatments for aphasia , 2009 .

[23]  C. Code,et al.  Opportunities to say ‘yes’: Rare speech automatisms in a case of progressive nonfluent aphasia and apraxia , 2009, Neurocase.

[24]  B. Petheram,et al.  Demographic and epidemiological analysis of patients referred to speech and language therapy at eleven centres 1987-95. , 2001, International journal of language & communication disorders.

[25]  D. Wade,et al.  Aphasia after stroke: a detailed study of recovery in the first 3 months. , 1987, International rehabilitation medicine.

[26]  J. Marshall,et al.  Psychological distress after stroke and aphasia: the first six months , 2010, Clinical rehabilitation.

[27]  C. Mowles,et al.  Therapy and support services for people with long-term stroke and aphasia and their relatives: a six-month follow-up study , 2005, Clinical rehabilitation.

[28]  M. Bodt,et al.  Review of Therapy outcome measures : speech-language pathology : users manual / P. Enderby , 1997 .

[29]  M. Wyke,et al.  Aphasia and Associated Disorders , 1980 .

[30]  P. Davies,et al.  Communication disorders: planning a service to meet the needs. , 1989, The British journal of disorders of communication.

[31]  B. Davidson,et al.  Speech-language pathology services for people with aphasia: A survey of current practice in Australia , 2009 .

[32]  Annalise Phillips Frenchay aphasia screening test Enderby Pamela , Wood Victorine, Wade DerickNFER-Nelson Ltd., Windsor, 1987, £25.00 plus VAT , 1995 .

[33]  J. Ogar,et al.  Aphasia: Awareness, advocacy, and activism , 2000 .

[34]  R Whurr,et al.  Speech and language therapy for aphasia following stroke. , 2000, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[35]  Randall R. Robey,et al.  Review: Single-subject clinical-outcome research: designs, data, effect sizes, and analyses , 1999 .

[36]  Pam Enderby,et al.  An investigation into the feasibility of remotely monitored computer therapy for people with aphasia , 2003 .

[37]  P. Enderby,et al.  Speech therapy for aphasia - operating a rationed service , 1990 .

[38]  H. Bauchner,et al.  Does Speech and Language Therapy Work , 2000 .

[39]  Y. Joanette,et al.  The Ineluctable and Interdependent Evolution of the Concepts of Language and Aphasia , 2000, Brain and Language.

[40]  R. Teasell,et al.  Intensity of Aphasia Therapy, Impact on Recovery , 2003, Stroke.

[41]  J. G. Evans,et al.  The epidemiology of stroke. , 1979, Age and ageing.

[42]  D. Mozaffarian,et al.  Heart disease and stroke statistics--2010 update: a report from the American Heart Association. , 2010, Circulation.

[43]  Alexandra Rowland,et al.  Incidence and profile of inpatient stroke-induced aphasia in Ontario, Canada. , 2010, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[44]  J. Wade,et al.  Voice recognition and aphasia: can computers understand aphasic speech? , 2001, Disability and rehabilitation.

[45]  B. Petheram Exploring the home-based use of microcomputers in aphasia therapy , 1996 .

[46]  C. Luzzatti,et al.  Language disturbances after severe head injury: Do neurological or other associated cognitive disorders influence type, severity and evolution of the verbal impairment? A preliminary report , 1989 .

[47]  M. Sarno,et al.  Characteristics of verbal impairment in closed head injured patients. , 1986, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[48]  M. McNeil,et al.  Defining aphasia: Some theoretical and clinical implications of operating from a formal definition , 2001 .

[49]  K. Willmes,et al.  Outcome of a one-month therapy intensive for chronic aphasia: variable individual responses. , 2010, Seminars in speech and language.

[50]  J. Marshall,et al.  A survey of aphasia services in the United Kingdom. , 1993, European journal of disorders of communication : the journal of the College of Speech and Language Therapists, London.

[51]  A. Sunderland,et al.  Monitoring information processing efficiency after stroke or head injury: A comparison of four computerised tests for use in single case experiments , 1992 .

[52]  Randall R. Robey,et al.  Single-subject clinical-outcome research: designs, data, eåect sizes, and analyses , 1999 .

[53]  P. Brindley,et al.  A comparison of the speech of ten chronic Broca's aphasics following intensive and non-intensive periods of therapy , 1989 .