Preparation of polypyrrole-embedded electrospun poly(lactic acid) nanofibrous scaffolds for nerve tissue engineering

Polypyrrole (PPy) is a biocompatible polymer with good conductivity. Studies combining PPy with electrospinning have been reported; however, the associated decrease in PPy conductivity has not yet been resolved. We embedded PPy into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanofibers via electrospinning and fabricated a PLA/PPy nanofibrous scaffold containing 15% PPy with sustained conductivity and aligned topography. There was good biocompatibility between the scaffold and human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells as well as Schwann cells. Additionally, the direction of cell elongation on the scaffold was parallel to the direction of fibers. Our findings suggest that the aligned PLA/PPy nanofibrous scaffold is a promising biomaterial for peripheral nerve regeneration.

[1]  Younan Xia,et al.  Electrospun nanofibers for neural tissue engineering. , 2010, Nanoscale.

[2]  Ji-Huan He,et al.  Controlling numbers and sizes of beads in electrospun nanofibers , 2008 .

[3]  M. Safa,et al.  Cellular activity of Wharton's Jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells on electrospun fibrous and solvent-cast film scaffolds. , 2016, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[4]  Christine E Schmidt,et al.  Neural tissue engineering: strategies for repair and regeneration. , 2003, Annual review of biomedical engineering.

[5]  G. Yin,et al.  Fabrication of aligned, porous and conductive fibers and their effects on cell adhesion and guidance. , 2015, Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces.

[6]  Fen Chen,et al.  Evaluation of biocompatibility of polypyrrole in vitro and in vivo. , 2004, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[7]  Yumin Yang,et al.  The influence of substrate stiffness on the behavior and functions of Schwann cells in culture. , 2012, Biomaterials.

[8]  Dong Li,et al.  A Silk Fibroin/Collagen Nerve Scaffold Seeded with a Co-Culture of Schwann Cells and Adipose-Derived Stem Cells for Sciatic Nerve Regeneration , 2016, PloS one.

[9]  L. Dao,et al.  A novel electrically conductive and biodegradable composite made of polypyrrole nanoparticles and polylactide. , 2004, Biomaterials.

[10]  B. Zuo,et al.  Electrospun silk fibroin nanofibers promote Schwann cell adhesion, growth and proliferation , 2012, Neural regeneration research.

[11]  Y. Liu,et al.  Guidance of neurite outgrowth on aligned electrospun polypyrrole/poly(styrene-beta-isobutylene-beta-styrene) fiber platforms. , 2010, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[12]  M. Rouabhia,et al.  Heparin dopant increases the electrical stability, cell adhesion, and growth of conducting polypyrrole/poly(L,L-lactide) composites. , 2008, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[13]  Seeram Ramakrishna,et al.  Design strategies of tissue engineering scaffolds with controlled fiber orientation. , 2007, Tissue engineering.

[14]  R. Guidoin,et al.  In vivo evaluation of a novel electrically conductive polypyrrole/poly(D,L-lactide) composite and polypyrrole-coated poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) membranes. , 2004, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[15]  Ravi V Bellamkonda,et al.  The role of aligned polymer fiber-based constructs in the bridging of long peripheral nerve gaps. , 2008, Biomaterials.

[16]  W. Tian,et al.  Neural stem cell transplantation in a double-layer collagen membrane with unequal pore sizes for spinal cord injury repair , 2014, Neural regeneration research.

[17]  M. Brenner,et al.  PHF PRO O F CO PY 007108 PHF Electrospinning and electrically forced jets . II . Applications , 2022 .

[18]  Kuihua Zhang,et al.  Multi-porous electroactive poly(L-lactic acid)/polypyrrole composite micro/nano fibrous scaffolds promote neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells , 2013, Neural regeneration research.

[19]  Ze Zhang,et al.  Electrically conductive biodegradable polymer composite for nerve regeneration: electricity-stimulated neurite outgrowth and axon regeneration. , 2007, Artificial organs.

[20]  X. Wen,et al.  Tissue-engineering approaches for axonal guidance , 2005, Brain Research Reviews.

[21]  Yu-Min Yang,et al.  Electrospun and woven silk fibroin/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nerve guidance conduits for repairing peripheral nerve injury , 2015, Neural regeneration research.

[22]  A. Ramanavičius,et al.  Biocompatibility of polypyrrole particles: an in‐vivo study in mice , 2007, The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology.

[23]  Shaobing Zhou,et al.  Osteoblast function on electrically conductive electrospun PLA/MWCNTs nanofibers. , 2011, Biomaterials.

[24]  Michael P. Brenner,et al.  Electrospinning: A whipping fluid jet generates submicron polymer fibers , 2001 .

[25]  Eva L Feldman,et al.  Aligned electrospun nanofibers specify the direction of dorsal root ganglia neurite growth. , 2007, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[26]  Gordon G Wallace,et al.  Recent Advances in Nerve Tissue Engineering , 2014, The International journal of artificial organs.

[27]  Younan Xia,et al.  Neurite Outgrowth on Electrospun Nanofibers with Uniaxial Alignment: The Effects of Fiber Density, Surface Coating, and Supporting Substrate , 2014, ACS nano.

[28]  M. Kellomäki,et al.  Novel polypyrrole-coated polylactide scaffolds enhance adipose stem cell proliferation and early osteogenic differentiation. , 2013, Tissue engineering. Part A.

[29]  Yun Xu,et al.  Human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells enhance the expression of neurotrophic factors and protect ataxic mice , 2011, Brain Research.

[30]  Yang Wang,et al.  Biological conduits combining bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and extracellular matrix to treat long-segment sciatic nerve defects , 2015, Neural regeneration research.

[31]  Seeram Ramakrishna,et al.  Polypyrrole-contained electrospun conductive nanofibrous membranes for cardiac tissue engineering. , 2011, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[32]  Anup D. Sharma,et al.  Oriented growth and transdifferentiation of mesenchymal stem cells towards a Schwann cell fate on micropatterned substrates. , 2016, Journal of bioscience and bioengineering.

[33]  Jiang Peng,et al.  Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells promote peripheral nerve repair via paracrine mechanisms , 2015, Neural regeneration research.

[34]  D. Deng,et al.  Enhanced thermal and electrical properties of poly (D,L-lactide)/ multi-walled carbon nanotubes composites by in-situ polymerization , 2013 .

[35]  Elise M. Stewart,et al.  Inhibition of smooth muscle cell adhesion and proliferation on heparin-doped polypyrrole. , 2012, Acta biomaterialia.

[36]  J. Ng,et al.  Polypyrrole-coated electrospun poly(lactic acid) fibrous scaffold: effects of coating on electrical conductivity and neural cell growth , 2014, Journal of biomaterials science. Polymer edition.

[37]  Peter X. Ma,et al.  Conductive PPY/PDLLA conduit for peripheral nerve regeneration. , 2014, Biomaterials.

[38]  Ze Zhang,et al.  A biodegradable electrical bioconductor made of polypyrrole nanoparticle/poly(D,L-lactide) composite: A preliminary in vitro biostability study. , 2003, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[39]  V. Hasırcı,et al.  Peripheral nerve conduits: technology update , 2014, Medical devices.

[40]  X. Mo,et al.  The aligned core-sheath nanofibers with electrical conductivity for neural tissue engineering. , 2014, Journal of materials chemistry. B.

[41]  Kwangsok Kim,et al.  Structure and process relationship of electrospun bioabsorbable nanofiber membranes , 2002 .

[42]  M. Brenner,et al.  Electrospinning and electrically forced jets. I. Stability theory , 2001 .

[43]  J. Stoltz,et al.  Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells: the new gold standard for mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies? , 2014, Tissue engineering. Part B, Reviews.