论文信息 - Smile design.

Smile design.

Many scientific and artistic principles considered collectively are useful in creating a beautiful smile. The evaluation and analysis of the face, lips, gingival tissues and teeth are all considered in this process. Recognizing the ideal as a goal provides a direction for diagnosis and treatment planning for smile rejuvenation. This article focuses on the dental and dental-facial composition involved in smile design. Basic facial esthetics are reviewed as a guideline for facial analysis.

Nicholas C Davis

[1] Burne Hogarth. Drawing the Human Head , 1965 .

[2] H C Jamison,et al. A study of the relationship of the dental midline to the facial median line. , 1979, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[3] Claude R. Rufenacht,et al. Fundamentals of Esthetics , 1990 .

[4] H. Kiyak,et al. Comparing the perception of dentists and lay people to altered dental esthetics. , 1999, Journal of esthetic dentistry.

[5] I Ahmad,et al. Geometric considerations in anterior dental aesthetics: restorative principles. , 1998, Practical periodontics and aesthetic dentistry : PPAD.

[6] Claude R. Rufenacht,et al. Principles of Esthetic Integration , 2000 .

[7] R. Vig,et al. The kinetics of anterior tooth display. , 1978, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[8] R. C. Wheeler. Textbook of Dental Anatomy and Physiology , 1965 .

[9] P. Dawson. Evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of occlusal problems , 1974 .