Chapter 1: Introduction: How does a person become a mathematician?.- Chapter 2: How do mathematics students think of mathematics? - a first look.- Chapter 3: How do mathematics students go about learning mathematics? - a first look.- Chapter 4: What do mathematics students say about mathematics internationally?.- Chapter 5: How can we track our students' progress towards becoming mathematicians?.- Chapter 6: What is the contribution of mathematics to graduates' professional working life?.- Chapter 7: What is the role of communication in mathematics graduates' transition to professional work?.- Chapter 8: What university curriculum best helps students to become mathematicians?.- Chapter 9: How can professional development contribute to university mathematics teaching?.- Chapter 10: Conclusion: Becoming a mathematician - revisited.- References.- Appendix 1. Short form of conceptions of mathematics survey.- Appendix 2. Mathematical communication outcomes.- Appendix 3. Australian professional development framework.