A universal model for lossy and dispersive transmission lines for time domain CAD of circuits

A universal equivalent circuit for lossy and dispersive transmission lines is presented. Existing CAD (computer-aided design) packages, such as SPICE, can be used for its implementation. The starting points for obtaining the models are the analog filters which approximate the forward impulse response and characteristic impedance. The equivalent circuit is used to simulate the effects of pulse propagation on microstrip transmission lines. An examination of the validity of the model is carried out, analyzing the response for an example case in the time and frequency domains.<<ETX>>