Receptive Field Organization Determines Pyramidal Cell Stimulus-Encoding Capability and Spatial Stimulus Selectivity

Sensory systems must operate over a wide range of spatial scales, and single neuron receptive field (RF) organization may contribute to the ability of a neuron to encode information about stimuli having different spatial characteristics. Here we relate the RF organization of sensory neurons to their ability to encode time-varying stimuli, using linear stimulus estimation, measures of information transfer, and more conventional analysis techniques. The electrosensory systems of weakly electric fish are recognized as very tractable model systems for studies of sensory processing because behaviorally relevant stimuli are generated easily and related to known behaviors and because a detailed anatomical database is available to guide the design and interpretation of experiments. Receptive fields of neurons within the first central electrosensory-processing region have an antagonistic center–surround organization; the RF area varies with cell type, with dendritic morphology, and with the spontaneous activity patterns of the cell. Functional consequences of variations in center–surround organization were assessed by comparing responses to two spatial stimulus patterns that mimic naturalistic stimuli and that provide input to the center alone or to the center plus surround. Measures of the quality of stimulus estimation (coding fraction) and information transmission (mutual information) as well as traditional measures of responsiveness consistently demonstrate that, for cells having large surrounds, the activation of both receptive field components degrades the ability to encode time-varying stimuli. The loss of coding efficiency with center–surround stimulation probably results from cancellation of balanced excitatory and inhibitory inputs. However, cells with small surrounds relative to centers perform well under all spatial stimulus regimes.