Atomistic view of the conformational activation of Src kinase using the string method with swarms-of-trajectories.

The inactive-to-active conformational transition of the catalytic domain of human c-Src tyrosine kinase is characterized using the string method with swarms-of-trajectories with all-atom explicit solvent molecular dynamics simulations. The activation process occurs in two main steps in which the activation loop (A-loop) opens first, followed by the rotation of the alphaC helix. The computed potential of mean force energy along the activation pathway displays a local minimum, which allows the identification of an intermediate state. These results show that the string method with swarms-of-trajectories is an effective technique to characterize complex and slow conformational transitions in large biomolecular systems.

[1]  W. L. Jorgensen,et al.  Comparison of simple potential functions for simulating liquid water , 1983 .

[2]  T. Darden,et al.  Particle mesh Ewald: An N⋅log(N) method for Ewald sums in large systems , 1993 .

[3]  S. Harrison,et al.  Crystal structures of c-Src reveal features of its autoinhibitory mechanism. , 1999, Molecular cell.

[4]  G. Ciccotti,et al.  String method in collective variables: minimum free energy paths and isocommittor surfaces. , 2006, The Journal of chemical physics.

[5]  W. E,et al.  Finite temperature string method for the study of rare events. , 2002, Journal of Physical Chemistry B.

[6]  Albert C. Pan,et al.  Finding transition pathways using the string method with swarms of trajectories. , 2008, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[7]  Elif Ozkirimli,et al.  Src kinase activation: A switched electrostatic network , 2006, Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society.

[8]  Benoît Roux,et al.  Flexibility and charge asymmetry in the activation loop of Src tyrosine kinases , 2009, Proteins.

[9]  M. Karplus,et al.  CHARMM: A program for macromolecular energy, minimization, and dynamics calculations , 1983 .

[10]  D. Fabbro,et al.  The crystal structure of a c-Src complex in an active conformation suggests possible steps in c-Src activation. , 2005, Structure.

[11]  Susan S. Taylor,et al.  2.2 A refined crystal structure of the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase complexed with MnATP and a peptide inhibitor. , 1993, Acta crystallographica. Section D, Biological crystallography.

[12]  Carol Beth Post,et al.  An electrostatic network and long‐range regulation of Src kinases , 2008, Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society.

[13]  Eric Vanden-Eijnden,et al.  Transition pathways in complex systems: Application of the finite-temperature string method to the alanine dipeptide. , 2005, The Journal of chemical physics.

[14]  J. Parsons,et al.  Src family kinases, key regulators of signal transduction , 2004, Oncogene.

[15]  R. Dror,et al.  A conserved protonation-dependent switch controls drug binding in the Abl kinase , 2009, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[16]  J. Bolen Nonreceptor tyrosine protein kinases. , 1993, Oncogene.

[17]  E. Vanden-Eijnden,et al.  String method for the study of rare events , 2002, cond-mat/0205527.

[18]  Benoît Roux,et al.  The N-terminal end of the catalytic domain of SRC kinase Hck is a conformational switch implicated in long-range allosteric regulation. , 2005, Structure.

[19]  A. Cavalli,et al.  Protein conformational transitions: the closure mechanism of a kinase explored by atomistic simulations. , 2009, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[20]  Laxmikant V. Kalé,et al.  Scalable molecular dynamics with NAMD , 2005, J. Comput. Chem..

[21]  Benoît Roux,et al.  Src Kinase Conformational Activation: Thermodynamics, Pathways, and Mechanisms , 2008, PLoS Comput. Biol..

[22]  B. Roux,et al.  Anatomy of a structural pathway for activation of the catalytic domain of Src kinase Hck , 2007, Proteins.

[23]  Benoît Roux,et al.  Mapping the conformational transition in Src activation by cumulating the information from multiple molecular dynamics trajectories , 2009, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[24]  Giulio Superti-Furga,et al.  Dynamic Coupling between the SH2 and SH3 Domains of c-Src and Hck Underlies Their Inactivation by C-Terminal Tyrosine Phosphorylation , 2001, Cell.

[25]  P. Krüger,et al.  Targeted molecular dynamics: a new approach for searching pathways of conformational transitions. , 1994, Journal of molecular graphics.

[26]  E. Vanden-Eijnden,et al.  Solvent coarse-graining and the string method applied to the hydrophobic collapse of a hydrated chain , 2007, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.