Adaptive battery steering and management system for the optimized operation of stationary battery energy storage systems in multi-use applications

In stable electrical networks, such as the German one, the service of uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems is only rarely called. Consequently the battery lifetime in this application is mostly restricted by calendar aging. The concept of multi-use describes here the delivery of additional services with a UPS during stable grid operation. The overall goal is to allocate the battery capacity and power according to the current state of health (SoH). Therefore, the Battery Steering and Management System (BSMS) was designed to allow for an optimal operation strategy over the full lifetime of a battery energy storage system (BESS). The BSMS combines a diagnostic unit with a management system that withholds an electrical and an aging model. The system is conceptualized to secure short term functionality as well as to predict long-term behavior and allow for operation planning. Over the lifetime of the battery the operation recommendation will adapt according to the battery's current status and its history. In addition, the paper presents briefly the basic concept of multi-use applications and the currently attractive markets for further services by a UPS.

[1]  J. Dunn,et al.  Evaluation of conductance and impedance testing on VRLA batteries for the Stenter Operating Companies , 1994, Proceedings of Intelec 94.

[2]  Henrik W. Bindner,et al.  Model prediction for ranking lead-acid batteries according to expected lifetime in renewable energy systems and autonomous power-supply systems , 2007 .

[3]  R. Leek,et al.  The residual capacity estimation of fully sealed 25 A h lead/acid cells , 1986 .

[4]  Andrea Marongiu,et al.  A critical overview of definitions and determination techniques of the internal resistance using lithium-ion, lead-acid, nickel metal-hydride batteries and electrochemical double-layer capacitors as examples , 2015 .

[5]  D. O. Feder,et al.  Field and laboratory studies to assess the state of health of valve-regulated lead acid and other battery technologies using conductance testing , 1993, Proceedings of Intelec 93: 15th International Telecommunications Energy Conference.

[6]  E. Favre,et al.  Validation of single frequency Z measurement for standby battery state of health determination , 2008, INTELEC 2008 - 2008 IEEE 30th International Telecommunications Energy Conference.

[7]  Dirk Uwe Sauer,et al.  Charge strategies for valve-regulated lead/acid batteries in solar power applications , 2001 .

[8]  Johannes Fleer,et al.  Impact analysis of different operation strategies for battery energy storage systems providing primary control reserve , 2016 .

[9]  Dirk Uwe Sauer,et al.  Impedanzspektroskopie an Batterien unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Batteriesensoren für den Feldeinsatz , 2013 .

[10]  Philip T. Krein,et al.  Life extension through charge equalization of lead-acid batteries , 2002, 24th Annual International Telecommunications Energy Conference.

[11]  Houman Homayoun,et al.  Managing distributed UPS energy for effective power capping in data centers , 2012, 2012 39th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture (ISCA).

[12]  Julia Badeda,et al.  Utilizing the full potential of UPS systems with lead-acid batteries as flexible stationary storage systems: how a 3D battery model can help , 2015 .

[13]  Mutasim A. Salman,et al.  Simulation of SLI Lead-Acid Batteries for SoC, Aging and Cranking Capability Prediction in Automotive Applications , 2012, ECS Transactions.

[14]  E. Karden,et al.  Charge equalizing and lifetime increasing with a new charging method for VRLA batteries , 1997, Proceedings of Power and Energy Systems in Converging Markets.

[15]  Julia Badeda,et al.  Consideration on primary control reserve provision by industrial microgrids in grid-coupled operation , 2017, 2017 IEEE 12th International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems (PEDS).

[16]  Julia Badeda,et al.  Model-based Economic Assessment of Stationary Battery Systems Providing Primary Control Reserve☆ , 2016 .