Performance of a volume H− ion source with a toroidal discharge chamber
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A new volume H− ion source with a toroidal discharge chamber has been designed. Its main feature is a full rotational symmetry, including a conically shaped dipole field separating the main toroidal discharge from the central extraction chamber. Measurements of the H− yield and the accompanying electron component have been performed, both for this rotationally symmetric geometry and for a standard line dipole geometry. With the rotationally symmetric geometry, the H− yield was up to 30 mA through an aperture of 1 cm2 , while the ratio Ie /IH− depended greatly on the value of IH− and was about 20–30 for the highest currents. The beam emittance was measured for the rotationally symmetric geometry, and was found to be en (90%)≊0.094 π cm mrad for a 21‐mA beam. An estimate of the H− ion temperature from the measured emittance gives a value of approximately 3.6 eV.