Human–structure dynamic interaction in footbridges

Dynamic load induced in the vertical direction by a single person walking across a footbridge structure is usually modelled as a resonant harmonic force. A comparison between modal responses generated by this harmonic force and a walking force measured on a treadmill confirmed that using the harmonic force is justifiable in the case of walking across a structure that does not vibrate perceptibly. It is further shown that using this harmonic force for predicting the response of a perceptibly vibrating footbridge can significantly overestimate the real footbridge response and therefore its degree of liveliness. This is because of the inability of pedestrians to keep pacing steadily when perceiving strong vibrations. A methodology for systematic comparison of the measured and simulated responses is proposed with the aim of identifying vibration levels which disturb normal walking. On two footbridges investigated this level was 0·33 m/s2 and 0·37 m/s2, in both cases being lower than the levels allowed by the ...