Co-occurrence of dinoflagellate and cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms in southwest Florida coastal waters: dual nutrient (N and P) input controls

ABSTRACT: During July 2006, 2 distinctly different harmful algal blooms (HABs), one dominated bythe pelagic red tide dinoflagellates Karenia spp. and the other by the benthic cyanobacterium Lyng-bya majuscula , occurred simultaneously in the coastal embayments surrounding Sanibel and CaptivaIslands, Florida, USA. The co-occurring HABs were investigated using in situ bioassays with addi-tions of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) alone and in combination to assess nutrient controls of these‘dueling’ toxin-producing species. Photosynthetic, biomass (chlorophyll a ), and (in L. majuscula )nitrogen fixation responses to nutrient enrichment were examined over 4 d. Primary productivity in Karenia spp. was consistently stimulated by N additions, while P additions failed to show stimulation.When added in combination with N, P did not lead to additional stimulation above N alone. Similarpatterns of chlorophyll a stimulation were observed. These patterns were observed at 2 d, after whichthe cells fell out of suspension. Nutrient stimulation of

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