INTERFEROMETRIC MONITORING OF GAMMA–RAY BRIGHT ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI II: FREQUENCY PHASE TRANSFER

The Interferometric Monitoring of Gamma–ray Bright Active galactic nuclei (iMOGABA) program provides not only simultaneous multifrequency observations of bright gamma–ray detected active galactic nuclei (AGN), but also covers the highest Very Large Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) frequencies ever being systematically monitored, up to 129 GHz. However, observation and imaging of weak sources at the highest observed frequencies is very challenging. In the second paper in this series, we evaluate the viability of the frequency phase transfer technique to iMOGABA in order to obtain larger coherence time at the higher frequencies of this program (86 and 129 GHz) and image additional sources that were not detected using standard techniques. We find that this method is applicable to the iMOGABA program even under non–optimal weather conditions.

[1]  F. Collaboration Fermi Large Area Telescope and multi-wavelength observations of the flaring activity of PKS 1510-089 between 2008 September and 2009 June , 2010, 1007.1237.

[2]  Sang-Sung Lee,et al.  A GLOBAL 86 GHZ VLBI SURVEY OF COMPACT RADIO SOURCES , 2007, 0803.4035.

[3]  R. Dodson,et al.  VLBA Scientific Memorandum 31: ASTRONOMICAL CALIBRATION OF mm-VLBI USING SOURCE FREQUENCY PHASE REFERENCED OBSERVATIONS , 2009 .

[4]  R. Romani,et al.  Blazar Counterparts for 3EG Sources at –40° < Decl. < 0°: Pushing South through the Bulge , 2004, astro-ph/0403692.

[5]  M. Frailis,et al.  THE RADIO/GAMMA-RAY CONNECTION IN ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI IN THE ERA OF THE FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE , 2011, 1108.0501.

[6]  A. Marscher TURBULENT, EXTREME MULTI-ZONE MODEL FOR SIMULATING FLUX AND POLARIZATION VARIABILITY IN BLAZARS , 2013, 1311.7665.

[7]  et al,et al.  FERMI/LARGE AREA TELESCOPE BRIGHT GAMMA-RAY SOURCE LIST , 2009, 0902.1340.

[8]  Walter Kieran Gear,et al.  Models for high-frequency radio outbursts in extragalactic sources, with application to the early 1983 millimeter-to-infrared flare of 3C 273. , 1985 .

[9]  Do-Young Byun,et al.  Korean VLBI Network Receiver Optics for Simultaneous Multifrequency Observation: Evaluation , 2013 .

[10]  A. Marscher,et al.  Connections between millimetre continuum variations and VLBI structure in 27 AGN , 2002 .

[11]  Sang-Sung Lee,et al.  Monitoring of multi-frequency polarization of gamma-ray bright AGNs , 2013, 1311.3375.

[12]  Richard Dodson,et al.  THE POWER OF SIMULTANEOUS MULTIFREQUENCY OBSERVATIONS FOR mm-VLBI: ASTROMETRY UP TO 130 GHz WITH THE KVN , 2015, 1509.02621.

[13]  A. Lähteenmäki,et al.  Testing of Inverse Compton Models for Active Galactic Nuclei with Gamma-Ray and Radio Observations , 2003 .

[14]  E. Ros,et al.  Catching the radio flare in CTA 102 - III. Core-shift and spectral analysis , 2013, 1306.6208.

[15]  R. Romani,et al.  The Gamma-Ray Blazar Content of the Northern Sky , 2002, astro-ph/0212504.

[16]  Multifrequency observations of blazars. 5: Long-term millimeter, submillimeter, and infrared monitoring , 1994 .

[17]  E. Ros,et al.  Catching the radio flare in CTA 102 - I. Light curve analysis , 2011, 1105.5024.

[18]  Sang-Sung Lee,et al.  EARLY SCIENCE WITH THE KOREAN VLBI NETWORK: EVALUATION OF SYSTEM PERFORMANCE , 2014 .

[19]  Richard Dodson,et al.  HIGH-PRECISION ASTROMETRIC MILLIMETER VERY LONG BASELINE INTERFEROMETRY USING A NEW METHOD FOR ATMOSPHERIC CALIBRATION , 2011, 1101.2051.

[20]  N. S. Nesterov,et al.  Five years monitoring of extragalactic radio sources. III : Generalized shock models and the dependence of variability on frequency , 1992 .

[21]  O. Reimer,et al.  A Quantitative Evaluation of Potential Radio Identifications for 3EG EGRET Sources , 2001 .

[22]  Sang-Sung Lee,et al.  VERIFICATION OF THE ASTROMETRIC PERFORMANCE OF THE KOREAN VLBI NETWORK, USING COMPARATIVE SFPR STUDIES WITH THE VLBA AT 14/7 mm , 2014, 1407.4604.

[23]  India.,et al.  Radio to gamma-ray variability study of blazar S5 0716+714 , 2013, 1301.7087.

[24]  C. L. Carilli,et al.  Tropospheric phase calibration in millimeter interferometry , 1999 .

[25]  E. Ros,et al.  THE RELATION BETWEEN AGN GAMMA-RAY EMISSION AND PARSEC-SCALE RADIO JETS , 2009, 0902.2085.

[26]  Bong Won Sohn,et al.  Astrometry and new methods made possible by the new generation of instruments , 2014 .

[27]  W. Alef Introduction to Phase-Reference Mapping , 1989 .

[28]  Duk-Gyoo Roh,et al.  Phase compensation experiments with the paired antennas method: 2. Millimeter‐wave fringe correction using centimeter‐wave reference , 1998 .

[29]  Y. Kovalev,et al.  IDENTIFICATION OF THE EARLY FERMI/LAT GAMMA-RAY BRIGHT OBJECTS WITH EXTRAGALACTIC VLBI SOURCES , 2009, 0908.4152.

[30]  Jean-Luc Starck,et al.  FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE AND MULTI-WAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS OF THE FLARING ACTIVITY OF PKS 1510-089 BETWEEN 2008 SEPTEMBER AND 2009 JUNE , 2010 .

[31]  Sang-Sung Lee,et al.  VLBI observations of bright AGN jets with the KVN and VERA Array (KaVA) : Evaluation of imaging capability (Special Feature : Recent Results from VERA) , 2014 .

[32]  S. Iguchi,et al.  Design and Development of a High-Speed Data-Acquisition System for the Korean VLBI Network , 2011 .

[33]  M. Lister,et al.  RADIO/GAMMA-RAY TIME DELAY IN THE PARSEC-SCALE CORES OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI , 2010, 1006.1867.

[34]  Maria Rioja,et al.  Kvn Source-Frequency Phase-Referencing Observation of 3c 66A and 3c 66B , 2015 .

[35]  M. Lister,et al.  A CONNECTION BETWEEN APPARENT VLBA JET SPEEDS AND INITIAL ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS DETECTIONS MADE BY THE FERMI GAMMA-RAY OBSERVATORY , 2009, 0902.2087.

[36]  A. J. Beasley,et al.  VLBI Phase-Referencing , 1995 .